Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study

Fontes, Kátia Biagio; Alarcão, Ana Carolina Jacinto; Nihei, Oscar Kenji; Pelloso, Sandra Marisa; Andrade, Luciano de; Carvalho, Maria Dalva de Barros

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018437

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the southern state of Paraná, our region of interest, IPVAW clustered mostly around the southern part of the state with one cluster in the northern mesoregion. [16] In the southeastern city of São Paulo, lifetime prevalence of physical violence was 27.2% compared to the rural northeastern province of Zona da Mata de Pernambuco (33.8%). In both these areas, physical violence was more prevalent than sexual violence (10.1% in São Paulo and 14.3% in Zona da Mata de Pernambuco).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in an urban Brazilian city: A cross-sectional survey

Kwaramba

Elahi

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIntimate partner violence is a global health burden that disproportionately affects women and their health outcomes. Women in Brazil are also affected by interpersonal violence. We aimed to estimate the lifetime prevalence of three forms of interpersonal violence against women (IPVAW) and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with IPVAW in one urban Brazilian city.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, we interviewed women aged ≥18 years in the urban Brazilian city, Maringá, who currently have or have had an intimate partner. The 13-item WHO Violence Against Women instrument was used to ask participants about their experiences with intimate partner violence, categorized into psychological, physical and sexual violence. We estimated associations between IPVAW and sociodemographic characteristics using generalized linear models.Results and conclusionsOf the 419 women who were enrolled and met inclusion criteria, lifetime prevalence of IPVAW was 56%. Psychological violence was more prevalent (52%) than physical (21%) or sexual violence (13%). Twenty-eight women (6.4%) experienced all three forms of IPVAW. Women were more likely to experience violence if they were employed, did not live with their partner or had 4 or more children. Educational level, household income, age and race were not significantly associated factors. Our findings highlight a high prevalence of IPVAW in a community in southern Brazil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in an urban Brazilian city: A cross-sectional survey

Kwaramba

Elahi

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…In the exploratory analysis of spatial data, the empirical Bayesian estimator was used to minimize possible random fluctuations of the rates derived from municipalities with small populations (20)(21) , since the estimator calculates a weighted rate considering regional variances (20)(21)(22)(23) . The matrix of queen weights in the GeoDa software (v. 1.10.0.8), which considers all the neighborhoods, was used for this (21)(22)(23) .…”

Section: Analysis Of Results and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GWR method, in turn, has its coefficients estimated locally, from the spatial variability in each area. Thus, initially, the coefficients of each variable that were significant in the general model (OLS) were tested in the local model (GWR) (21,27) .…”

Section: Analysis Of Results and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To evaluate the performance of OLS (classic) and GWR (spatial), these models were compared considering as parameters the adjusted R 2 , the AIC and the lowest variability of the resulting residues of each model (21,30) . The OLS model was processed in the GeoDa program, version 1.10.0.8 (Spatial Analysis Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA).…”

Section: Analysis Of Results and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geospatial analysis of births with congenital disorders, Paraná, 2008-2015: ecological study

et al. 2020

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Objective: analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of the prevalence rate of births with congenital disorders and its relationship with social, economic, health care and environmental indicators in Paraná, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. Method: ecological study with variables extracted from secondary banks, related to the births of children of mothers residing in Paraná, in two quadrennial (2008-2011 and 2012-2015). The analysis of the rates was performed with univariate spatial (Moran) and multivariate approach (Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression). Results: the occurrence of congenital disorders presented a significant association (p<0.05) with: registration in primary care of pregnant women over 20 years of age; urbanization degree; consumption of pesticides; and balance of female formal employment. Conclusion/Final considerations: social, health care and environmental variables showed a non-stationary spatial pattern in the analyzed period and influenced positively and negatively the rates.

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“…The application of crime mapping to model spatial patterns of VAW has only gained attention in recent years (Manazir et al 2019;Mohamed and Stanek 2019;Serendipia 2019;Fontes et al 2018). One development has been the creation of apps for informing female users of potential areas of risk, based on user reports of events of violence (Muldoon et al 2019 Padilla et al 2018).…”

Section: Spatial Analysis To Aid Crime Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using heat maps to identify areas prone to violence against women in the public sphere

2020

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The lack of accessible crime data, especially geolocations, in developing countries often acts as a barrier to identifying environmental or situational factors in high crime areas that might contribute to the facilitation of those crimes. This paper presents a methodology for conducting fieldwork for creating heat maps to identify areas prone to violence against women (VAW) in Corregidora, Mexico. Heat maps were produced based on household survey data. The results were used to select specific high concentration locations to conduct structured observations and inductive visual analysis at street level in order to identify if and what situational factors might influence the perpetration of VAW in those locations. Four broad features were identified in the urban built environment during the site visits linked to the facilitation of opportunities for the commission of VAW: (1) lacking infrastructure, (2) presence of physical obstacles, (3) poor visibility and (4) restricted pedestrian mobility. The paper demonstrates the utility of this method for aiding situational crime prevention strategies in areas where official spatial crime data is unavailable or lacking. This study presents a relatively low cost (although labour intensive) and independent method of aiding crime prevention strategies, which will hopefully be of practical value for organisations in areas with poor crime recording practices and limited access to expensive mapping technologies.

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Regional disparities in the intimate partner sexual violence rate against women in Paraná State, Brazil, 2009-2014: an ecological study

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in an urban Brazilian city: A cross-sectional survey

Lifetime prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in an urban Brazilian city: A cross-sectional survey

Geospatial analysis of births with congenital disorders, Paraná, 2008-2015: ecological study

Using heat maps to identify areas prone to violence against women in the public sphere

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