Female Entrepreneurial Intentions in Pakistan: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective

Sarwar, Ambreen; Ahsan, Qurratulain; Rafiq, Nazia

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.553963

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Usually, women face significant opposition when establishing their own business, which leads to the perception that considered as food provider instead of food creators [ 3 ]. As women encounter increasing obstacle to careers that pay, motivation and encouragement may enhance their performance in business intentions because they represent unexploited assets that can be used to improve a country’s economic prospects [ 4 ]. Some studies found that obtaining and using the enterprise economy relies on women’s entrepreneurship growth [ 2 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do gender disparities in entrepreneurial aspirations emerge in Pakistan? An approach to mediation and multi-group analysis

et al. 2021

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This cross-sectional study sought to identify gender differences in individual behavioral attitudes, personal traits, and entrepreneurial education based on planned behavior theory. The Smart partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model and PLS path modeling were used. A survey design was used to collect data from 309 samples using quantitative measures. The model was tested for validity and reliability and showed variance (full, R2 = 58.9% and split, R2 = 62.7% and R2 = 52.7%) in male and female model predictive power, respectively. Subjective norms (SN), personality traits (PT), and entrepreneurial education (EE) significantly impacted the male sample’s intention. Females’ intentions toward entrepreneurship was less affected by attitude toward behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and entrepreneurship education (EE). Further, attitudes, social norms, and behavioral controls as mediation variables indicate a significant and positive role of male and female intentions. These findings imply that behavioral beliefs (ATB, PBC, and SN) influence entrepreneurial intention-action translation. The results significantly supported the designed hypotheses and shed light on individual personality traits (PT) and entrepreneurship education (EE) underpinning enterprise intention. The study determined that EE and PT are the strongest predictors of intention, thus highlighting the role of these motives in the entrepreneurial process. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on youth entrepreneurs, expands our understanding of entrepreneurship as a practical career choice, and offers a novel account differentiating male and female PT. The drive to evaluate the effects of entrepreneurial intention among budding disparities in Pakistan requires a more profound knowledge of the aspects that endorse entrepreneurship as a choice of profession and enhances youth incentive abilities to engage in entrepreneurial activities based on exploitation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do gender disparities in entrepreneurial aspirations emerge in Pakistan? An approach to mediation and multi-group analysis

et al. 2021

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“…Responses were recorded on the five point Likert type scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). EI is a reliable and valid measure having excellent internal consistency of 0.89 and has been frequently used by researchers in Pakistan ( Anjum et al, 2018b ; Sarwar et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions among Pakistani university students: The role of executive functions and academic intent to entrepreneurship

Khawar

Amin²,

Zulfqar³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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This study examined the mediating role of core Executive Functions (EF: working memory and inhibitory control) and moderating role of Perceived Academic Intent to Entrepreneurship (PAIE) in relationship between Dark Personality Traits (SDT) and Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI) of university students. A sample of 539 university students enrolled in various undergraduate and postgraduate programs completed the Short Dark Triad-3 (SD3), Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI), and measures for assessing Entrepreneurial Intent and Perceived Academic Intent to Entrepreneurship. The results showed that of SDT, only Machiavellianism was significantly associated with EI. Both of the core executive functions and PAIE were also positively correlated with EI. Moreover, findings showed that EF positively mediated the relationship between Machiavellian disposition and entrepreneurial intention, while perceived academic intent to entrepreneurship moderated the relationship between executive functions and EI. A significant moderated mediation index was also reported. Findings offer useful insight to the interplay among above mentioned variables and guide educational and organizational psychologists to employ core cognitive strategies for promoting entrepreneurial thoughts and channelizing the productive energies of students with malevolent tendencies through academic coaching.

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“…[46] applied TPB to explain about the changes of attitudes of entrepreneurs in Singapore in term of intention to become entrepreneur before and post COVID. Same goes to TPB also been used in the study by [17] [47] that look at how the women entrepreneur's intention develop in Pakistan and in Thailand focusing hospitality industry [48].…”

Section: B Institutional Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective and Theoretical Development of Women’s Entrepreneurship

Mat¹,

Fadzil²,

Omar³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economic and Education, ICON 2021, 14 - 15 December 2021, Padang-West Sumatr

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Academics are interested in women's entrepreneurship research since mid-1980s as many women have been documented to take part in entrepreneurial ventures. However, the existing research is limited given that there are still gaps in the understanding of women's entrepreneurship perspectives and theories that been applied in the field. This paper aimed to visualize selected women entrepreneurship studies published internationally indexed using bibliometric and content analysis through the VOS viewer application. The research data of 96 documents published from 2012 to 2021 were obtained from the Scopus database. As a result, gender theory, feminist theory and institutional theory are the main theories that have been applied to describe women's entrepreneurship in this study. The perspective of women entrepreneurship is being discussed based on the keyword that frequently appear in the article like entrepreneurship, women entrepreneurs and gender. Lastly, the discussion highlights the research's contributions and gives recommendations for future research on women's entrepreneurship.

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Female Entrepreneurial Intentions in Pakistan: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective

Cited by 15 publications

References 139 publications

How do gender disparities in entrepreneurial aspirations emerge in Pakistan? An approach to mediation and multi-group analysis

How do gender disparities in entrepreneurial aspirations emerge in Pakistan? An approach to mediation and multi-group analysis

Dark personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions among Pakistani university students: The role of executive functions and academic intent to entrepreneurship

Perspective and Theoretical Development of Women’s Entrepreneurship

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