Fehling solution/DIPEA/hydrazine: an alternative catalytic medium for regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1H-1,2,3-triazoles using azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction

Application of triazoles in the structural modification of natural products

“…By affecting the hydrogen bonding ability, polarity and lipophilicity of the molecules, the triazole moiety can improve the physicochemical properties, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of the compounds 11 , 12 . The synthetic moieties containing these molecular structures have been used extensively in the discovery of drugs due to their low occurrence in nature 13 .Meanwhile, on the basis of the literature, triazole and its derivatives have aroused enormous interest owing to their pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications, including their use as anticonvulsant 14–17 , antidepressant 18 , anticancer 19–23 , antiviral 24 , antimicrobial 25–33 , anti-acetylcholinesterase 34 , anti-inflammatory 35 , 36 , antioxidant 37–40 , antiparasitic 41–43 , and anti-diabetic drugs 44 . Their ability to produce various non-covalent interactions to improve solubility and binding to bimolecular targets may be the reason for this wide applicability 45 .…”

Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction Catalyzed by Cu(II) Complexes: Studies on the effect of Different Ligand Systems

“…Different reaction conditions were followed by several researchers to perform the click reaction. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] From the literature, it is very clear that the design of ligand as well as metal salts are very essential to study the catalytic reaction. To carry out click reaction, catalyst should have free site or labile groups at the metal centre so that nucleophile can easily attack to the metal centre.…”

“…NN donor bidentate ligands such as bipyridine, [19] sulfonated phenanthroline, [19,20] o ‐phenylendiamine, [21] ethane‐1,2‐diamine [22] and N 1 ,N 1 ,N 2 ,N 2 ‐tetramethylethane‐1,2‐diamine [22] were utilised in situ with different copper metal salts to synthesize triazoles. Different reaction conditions were followed by several researchers to perform the click reaction [23–29] . From the literature, it is very clear that the design of ligand as well as metal salts are very essential to study the catalytic reaction.…”

Isocyanide Cu(I) complexes with unexpected μ2‐bridging pseudohalides: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity towards CuAAC

“…18,19 This sustainable approach allows the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles in the presence of Cu(II) precursors and reducing agents, which generate in situ the active Cu(I) species. [20][21][22] The direct use of Cu(I) catalysts enables the CuAAC reaction without the utilization of reductants or surfactans, 23 minimizing the load of reagents and the risk of side reactions. In this context, using suitable isocyanides can accomplish two-fold goals: (i) the stabilization of the Cu(I) metal centre, avoiding the extra-addition of bulky ligands or phosphines; and (ii) the modulation of the properties of the corresponding complexes through small modifications on the R groups.…”