Application of triazoles in the structural modification of natural products

Abstract

Nature products have been extensively used in the discovery and development of new drugs, as the most important source of drugs. The triazole ring is one of main pharmacophore of the nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Thus, a new class of triazole-containing natural product conjugates has been synthesised. These compounds reportedly exert anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, and enzyme inhibitory effects. This review summarises the research progress of triazole-containing natural product derivatives involved in medicinal chemistry in the past six years. This review provides insights and perspectives that will help scientists in the fields of organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.

Novel Triterpenic Acid—Benzotriazole Esters Act as Pro-Apoptotic Antimelanoma Agents

“…The triazole heterocycle, either 1,2,3-triazole or 1,2,4-triazole, has been extensively used in drug discovery due to its low occurrence in nature as well as its straightforward synthesis. The triazole ring provides strong hydrogen bonding within the in vivo environment accompanied by high chemical stability and rigidity, which enable its use as a pharmacophore in numerous therapeutical applications [ 21 ]. The introduction of a 1,2,3-triazole moiety through the esterification of the carboxyl group with HOBt is a feasible approach that was conducted on other pentacyclic triterpenes, such as esculentoside A, where some of the obtained compounds were more potent and less toxic than the parent compound [ 16 ].…”

3-Phenyl-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-5-[(prop-2-en-1-yl)sulfanyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazole

“…Chemists are interested in 1,2,4-triazole derivatives mainly because of their wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antifungal, herbicidal, antiviral and anticancer activities, as well as catalase inhibitors. Some drugs that are clinically used for the treatment of various diseases are based on them [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Commercial fungicides also contain triazoles [9].…”

Recent Advances in Bioactive Flavonoid Hybrids Linked by 1,2,3-Triazole Ring Obtained by Click Chemistry

“…Moreover, triazole can be used as a linker and as a bioisostere of different functional groups for the synthesis of new active compounds [ 2 , 3 ]. Besides that, therapeutic properties have been attributed to 1,2,3-triazole hybrids, including antibacterial [ 4 ], anticancer [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], and anti-inflammatory [ 8 ] activities, among others [ 3 , 9 ]. In fact, some clinically used drugs contain a 1,2,3-triazole moiety, such as the β-lactam antibiotics tazobactam and cefatrizine, as well as the calcium channel blocker carboxyamidotriazole (CAI), and the anticonvulsant rufinamide ( Figure 1 ), reinforcing the importance of this heterocyclic ring in hybridization strategy to obtain new drug candidates with improved efficacy [ 3 , 10 ].…”