Feeding preference of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and attractiveness of soybean genotypes

Abstract

Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a cosmopolitan insect that causes economic damages to several cultures, in particular soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) Among the techniques that involve Integrated Pest Management, the resistance of plants is pointed as a tool of great value and can contribute to the reduction of populations of insects. The feeding preferences of adults of southern green stink bug (N. viridula), and the attractiveness of soybean genotypes were evaluated under laboratory conditions to detect the most resistant material against attack from this insect. A choice test, using mature grains and green pods of the genotypes was carried out, in which the number of individuals attracted in different periods was counted. Feeding preference was evaluated in the choice tests using green pods and the number of pricks and the average time spent feeding by pricks were evaluated. In addition, texture and trichome density in the green pods were evaluated. The mature grains of 'TMG 117RR' and 'TMG 121RR' were less attractive to the adults of N. viridula. Regarding the green pods, 'IAC 17' and PI 227687 were less attractive; 'IAC 17' and 'IAC PL1' were less consumed, indicating the feeding non-preference as a resistance mechanism. 'IAC 17', 'TMG-117RR' and PI 227687 presented high levels of trichome density, and in 'IAC 17' this morphological characteristic was considered to be the main resistance factor against N. viridula. These results may be useful for breeding programs that focus on the resistance of soybeans to insects.

Complex tritrophic interactions in response to crop domestication: predictions from the wild

“…Whereas piercing and sucking insects generally benefit from reduced trichomes (Obrycki et al., ; De Santana Souza et al., ), there can also be mixed effects, such as increased aphid populations simultaneous with lower plant injury (Kaplan et al., ) or different herbivory levels on plants which differ in trichome morphology (Hare & Elle, ). The reduction in trichome density appears to benefit generalists more than specialists (Smith & Grodowitz, ).…”

Role of reactive oxygen species and isoflavonoids in soybean resistance to the attack of the southern green stink bug

“…The tests were performed on both soybean cultivars at the R6 phenological stage and the needle was inserted in pods at the second seed position. Results were expressed as gram-force per square centimeter (gf cm −2 ) and represented the maximum force required to penetrate a pod with the tip needle in order to simulate the situation in which the sting bugs insert the stylus ( De Santana Souza et al, 2013 ).…”

Determination of Agronomical Characters as the Resistance Attributes of Twenty Soybean Varieties to Stink Bug (Nezara viridula L.)

“…This variety may have antixenosis or antibiosis to defense from stink bug attack. Antixenosis mechanisms have been reported, such as pod hardness (Silva, Baldin, Canassa, Souza, & Lourenção, 2014), the rigid epidermis of the pod (de Santana Souza, Lopes Baldin, da Silva, & Lourenção, 2013), cell walls hardness of seed (Giacometti, Ilina, Eduardo, & Zavala, 2018), and trichome densities (Nomayanja, Tukamuhubwa, & Kyamanywa, 2000). Antibiosis mechanisms also have been reported, such as daidzin and genistin content in pods (Zavala, Mazza, Dillon, Chludil, & Ballaré, 2015) and daidzin and genistin content seed (Piubelli, Hoffmann-Campo, De Arruda, Franchini, & Lara, 2003), and flavonoids content in immature seeds (da Graça et al, 2016;Piubelli, Hoffmann-Campo, De Arruda, Franchini, & Lara, 2003).…”