Feeding Food or Table Waste to Livestock

Westendorf, Michael L.; Pas, E.W. Zirkle; Gordon, Rebecca

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)32509-2

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In similar way, the highest EE in DCLO of the present study, as compared to the average value for other concentrate mixes, could be from the oils and /or butter added during food preparation in the cafeteria. Fat content of 17 to 24% and ash content of 3 to 6% were also reported in previous studies (Pond and Maner, 1984;Ferris et al, 1995;Westendorf et al, 1996).…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feed Stuffsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…NRC (1998) indicates that growing pigs require 17.2 to 20.0% CP in the diet intake/day depending upon body size. The CP was also lower than the value, 15 to 23%, reported by Westendorf et al (1996) and 20-28% reported by Westendorf et al (2000) for DCLO which is an attribute of the difference in the composition of the food waste used. The lower value of CP below the NRC (1998) standards and most reports from other studies indicates that DCLO in the current study needs supplementation with other diets of higher CP content.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feed Stuffcontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Effects of different proportions of dried cafeteria leftover inclusion in a concentrate mix on performance of growing pigs

Amene¹,

Urge²,

Eshetu³

et al. 2018

Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J.

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Article InformationAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of dried Cafeteria leftover (DCLO) at various levels in concentrate mix (CM) on feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass characteristics, and economic benefits of weaned pigs at Haramaya university piggery. Twenty Yorkshire pigs with initial live weight of 19.89±0.297kg (mean±SE) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design each with five replicates. The experimental rations were sole CM (mixture of maize grain, wheat short, wheat bran, noug seed cake, soybean mill, vitamin premix and salt), replacement of the concentrate with DCLO at different proportions as (33%CM and 67% DCLO; 67% CM and 33% DCLO) and feeding with only sole DCLO. The mean feed intake ranged 1.6-1.82kg/day and ADG was 0.4-0.64kg/day. The least feed intake was for sole DCLO (P<0.05) and the highest for 67% CM:33%DCLO. The FCR (w/w) was lowest (P<0.05) for pigs fed 33% DCLO diet, and pigs fed 67% DCLO:33%CM achieved highest FCR. Crude protein digestibility did not differ between treatments, but DM, EE and CF digestibility increased with increasing level of DCLO in the diets. The mean carcass weight (43.7kg-57.02kg) was highest in 67% CM but lowest in sole DCLO. Back fat thickness (2.4cm-3.2cm (SEM=±0.03)) was lowest in sole CM but highest in sole DCLO. The highest and lowest (P<0.05) rib eye area (23.9 cm 2 -31.9cm 2 (SEM=±0.81)) were recorded for sole CM and sole DCLO, respectively. Cost of feed per kg weight gain was declined significantly (P<0.01) with increasing level of DCLO. Despite the lower production cost of sole DCLO groups, the pigs showed lower performance and this must have contributed to lowest net return of the groups. Thus, it is concluded that DCLO can replace the conventional concentrate mix up to 67% without adverse effect on pig performance.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Feed Stuffsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Chemical Composition Of Feed Stuffcontrasting

confidence: 59%

Effects of different proportions of dried cafeteria leftover inclusion in a concentrate mix on performance of growing pigs

Amene¹,

Urge²,

Eshetu³

et al. 2018

Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J.

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“…In addition to the negative influence on DMI, FW has other drawbacks, including the need for cooking to meet the requirements of the Swine Health Protection Act (U.S. Congress, 1980), the difficulty in handling and storage, and the need for appropriate management. Based on the research and discussion presented here, the following suggestions are proposed for use of FW in swine production and for research in this field: 1 ) FW should be supplemented if pigs are to achieve optimum performance; 2 ) if FW is to continue to be fed wet, then improved and appropriate management systems must be developed; and, 3 ) improved processing techniques for FW such as dehydration, pelleting, and extrusion may decrease some of the negative aspects (Westendorf et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding FW to livestock is not a recent innovation. It has been practiced throughout the world and is often concentrated around metropolitan centers (Derr et al, 1988;Westendorf et al, 1996). In recent years, increasing requirements for environmental protection, resource preservation, and alternatives to landfill disposal of FW have made recycling of FW an attractive option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled cafeteria food waste as a feed for swine: nutrient content digestibility, growth, and meat quality.

Westendorf

Dong

Schoknecht

1998

Journal of Animal Science

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This project was undertaken to compare growth, meat quality, and diet digestibility when pigs were fed cafeteria food waste (FW) or a corn/soybean meal (CSM) diet. Cafeteria food waste (36 samples) fed in the growing and finishing experiment averaged 22.4% DM, 21.4% CP, 14.1% ADF, 27.2% ether extract, and 3.2% ash. The first experiment used 50 crossbred pigs randomly assigned to four diets. During the growing phase, pigs fed a CSM diet gained faster (P < .05) than pigs fed FW or FW plus energy supplements. However, the two groups fed FW plus energy supplements (at 25 or 50% of the intake of the CSM diet) gained faster (P < .05) than pigs fed FW alone (.61 and .65 kg/d, respectively, vs .46 kg/d). In the finishing phase, FW plus an energy supplement fed at 50% of the level of CSM intake resulted in gains that did not differ from those of pigs fed the CSM diet (.90 vs .99 kg/d; P > .05). A nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance trial using eight growing barrows compared FW with the same CSM growing diet fed earlier. Dry matter digestibility was similar for the two diets (P > .05). However, CP digestibility was higher (P < .05) in the FW diet than in the CSM diet (88.2 vs 84.3%). Although the percentage of nitrogen retained was not different between FW and CSM diets (56.0 vs 55.2%; P > .05), the amount of nitrogen retained was greater for pigs fed the CSM diet (29.3 vs. 24.5 g/d; P < .05) because DMI was greater (1.7 vs 1.4 kg/d) for pigs fed CSM compared with FW. At the completion of the finishing experiment, six pigs were selected from both the CSM and FW diets and fed to finishing weight. The pigs were slaughtered, and the pork loins were removed for flavor and texture analysis. A consumer panel rated the meat quality from FW pigs as acceptable and overall flavor comparable to CSM pigs (P > .05). These results indicate that food waste has nutritive value and may be useful in swine diets.

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“…In a wider context, the emergence of foot-and-mouth disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and the presence of dioxins in feedstuffs led to the ban of the use of animal by-products and derived products in farm animal nutrition [54]. Similar outbreaks of diseases, such as vesicular exanthema, classical swine fever, and trichinosis have been associated with the feeding of uncooked garbage in the United States (US), of which the vesicular exanthema outbreak resulted in the prohibition of the same practice in this country in the 1950s [56]. It should be noted that garbage includes not only food waste deriving from the handling, preparation, cooking, or consumption of food, but it also includes animal materials, such as meat [57].…”

Section: Legal Framework Regarding Food Waste Utilization In Animal Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds in Food Waste: A Review on the Transformation of Food Waste to Animal Feed

Georganas

Giamouri

Pappas

et al. 2020

Foods

121

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Bioactive compounds are substances which are present in foods in small amounts and have the ability to provide health benefits. Bioactive compounds include but are not limited to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids, peptides, and polyphenols. The aim of the present study is to review literature for potential bioactive compounds present in food waste material and discuss the transformation of food waste to animal feed under the perspective that usage of food waste, rather than disposal, may tackle food insecurity and provide health benefits. Finally, applications in poultry and swine nutrition, with emphasis on the presence of fatty acids on food waste material, are discussed.

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Feeding Food or Table Waste to Livestock

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of different proportions of dried cafeteria leftover inclusion in a concentrate mix on performance of growing pigs

Effects of different proportions of dried cafeteria leftover inclusion in a concentrate mix on performance of growing pigs

Recycled cafeteria food waste as a feed for swine: nutrient content digestibility, growth, and meat quality.

Bioactive Compounds in Food Waste: A Review on the Transformation of Food Waste to Animal Feed

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