Features of Hepatopathy and Hematological Complications in Acute Spontaneous Babesiosis of Dogs

Abstract

Spontaneous babesiosis in dogs is one of the most common and dangerous diseases. Erythrocyte damage conditioned upon pathogens is a trigger for hematological complications and lesions of the microcirculatory tract. The development of thrombotic processes leads to irreversible changes and subsequent death of the organism. The liver is one of the first organs to suffer damage. The aim of the study was to identify the links between the pathogenesis of hepatopathy and hematological disorders in the course of acute spontaneous babesiosis in dogs. To achieve this, two groups of dogs of 20 individuals were formed: the experimental group – animals with babesiosis, the control group – clinically healthy. It is established that acute spontaneous babesiosis occurs in successive forms – anemic and jaundice. Normochromic anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia were detected. Hemorheological parameters indicate increased aggregation of erythrocytes and platelets, which led to thrombotic conditions. The criterion of shock is established – decrease in the volume of circulating blood; its deficiency was 24% for anemic and 34% for jaundice. Also identified markers of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) – hypofibrinogenemia, increased levels of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes, fibrin degradation products, including D-dimer. Changes in indicators increased as the disease progressed from anemic to jaundiced form. In the anemic form, shock is defined as subcompensated in moderate severity, and DIC syndrome – in the stage of consumption coagulopathy. Complications characterise a transitional state that is in unstable equilibrium. In the icteric form, shock is defined as decompensated severe, and DIC syndrome – in the stage of hypocoagulation. This condition is characterised as critical, with a pronounced tendency to irreversibility. Changes in liver parameters indicate hyperactivity of all indicator enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia and hyperuria. With the development of the disease, the rates increase significantly. DIC syndrome, shock and hepatopathy enter the vicious circle, in which hematological complications cause hepatopathy, and it, in turn, exacerbates them. Hepatopathy for babesiosis in dogs is considered a serious condition that requires intensive care