Features of Growth and Fruiting Apple Varieties in Garden of Intensive Type

Abstract

The research was carried out at the sites of production study of VNIISPK in the period from 1990 to 2016. The plots were located on gray and dark gray forest soils of medium-loamy mechanical composition with the capacity of the humus horizon of 30-50 cm. The climate is temperate-continental with the vegetation period of 175-185 days. Average annual air temperature is 4.6⁰C, minimal temperature in winter is -40⁰C, maximal temperature in summer is +38⁰C. The study was conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods of variety investigation and frost resistance study in the laboratory using a freezer “ESPEC” PSL-2 KPN. The possibility of obtaining low-sized apple trees on the roots of vigorous seed rootstocks with the intercalary inserts of a low-sized clone rootstock was established. The insertion components of a low-sized clone rootstock provided the significant weakening of tree growth and precocity in comparison with a vigorous seed rootstock. High precocity was revealed in Orlovim, Ranneye Aloye, Zhelannoye and Yubilar (on the level of Papirovka). Imrus and Orlik showed high specific load per unit of cross-sectional area of the trunk (2.0). Annual or non-sharp periodical fructification in those varieties were developed at the expense of flower bud laying on the growth of fruit bags of twigs in the year of fruiting with good foliage, and the alternation of fruiting of some branches and trees. The best variety-rootstock combinations were revealed: summer varieties Zhelannoye/3-3-72, Orlovim/3-3-72, Ranneye Aloye/3-3-72 and winter varieties Imrus/3-3-72 and Orlik/3-3-72.

Commercial qualities of fruits of different varieties of apple trees in an intensive orchard on the farm of Central Russia “Agrofirma named after 15 years of October”

“…The apple tree is the leading fruit crop in Russia. In the Central Federal District, in agricultural enterprises and in the gardens of the population, pome fruit crops are mainly grown, the area of \u200b\u200b which is 60% of the area of Russian gardens [1]. The apple tree is the most common horticultural crop in Russia, and throughout the world, where it is grown in more than 80 countries [2][3].…”

“…Dwarf culture has gained recognition due to many virtues. Firstly, these are small-sized tree crowns, early fruiting, high yields per unit area, as well as the best quality of fruits obtained in industrial horticulture [7][8][9][10].…”