Feasibility of atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry in analysis of drugs

Huikko, Katri; Östman, Pekka; Sauber, Christian; Mandel, Friedrich; Grigoras, Kestutis; Franssila, Sami; Kotiaho, Tapio; Kostiainen, Risto

doi:10.1002/rcm.1051

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The high ionization efficiency of such compounds is in good agreement with earlier studies. 22 The fragmentation was minimal with all amphetamines except MDA, PMA and NE, which showed a few intense fragment ion signals. Likewise, of the fentanyls 3-MF,˛-methylfentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil andˇ-hydroxyfentanyl showed little dissociation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, an atmospheric pressure (AP) MALDI source was introduced, 23 and the same principal has been applied to DIOS. 22,24 AP-MALDI and AP-DIOS offer several advantages over vacuum ionization, including easy sample handling under normal pressure, softer ionization and the possibility of using any type of mass spectrometer. 25 The AP-MALDI source is particularly well suited for tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analyses with ion trap, quadrupole time-of-flight or triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DIOS-MS has been utilized in the study of peptides, 19 proteins 20 and small drug molecules. 21,22 MALDI and DIOS have most often been performed in vacuum. Recently, an atmospheric pressure (AP) MALDI source was introduced, 23 and the same principal has been applied to DIOS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of amphetamines and fentanyls by atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and its application to forensic analysis of drug seizures

Pihlainen

Grigoras²,

Franssila³

et al. 2005

J. Mass Spectrom.

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The suitability of atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (AP-DIOS-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (AP-MALDI-MS) for the identification of amphetamines and fentanyls in forensic samples was studied. With both ionization techniques, the mass spectra recorded showed abundant protonated molecules, and the background did not disturb the analysis. The use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed unambiguous identification of the amphetamines and fentanyls. AP-DIOS-MS/MS and AP-MALDI-MS/MS were also successfully applied to the identification of authentic compounds from drug seizures. Common diluents and tablet materials did not disturb the analysis and compounds were unequivocally identified. The limits of detection (LODs) for amphetamines and fentanyls with AP-DIOS-MS/MS were 1-3 pmol, indicating excellent sensitivity of the method. The LODs with AP-MALDI-MS/MS were about 5-10 times higher.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of amphetamines and fentanyls by atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and its application to forensic analysis of drug seizures

Pihlainen

Grigoras²,

Franssila³

et al. 2005

J. Mass Spectrom.

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“…The DIOS mass spectra are free from cluster ions derived from the matrix, such that the resulting scant background signals facilitate the detection of ions of small molecules. As a result, DIOS-MS has been widely used for the analysis of a variety of compounds, including peptides, 12) low molecular weight organic molecules 14) and synthetic, hydrophilic polymers 15) such as surfactants and polyethylene glycol. DIOS-MS without the use of matrix can be regarded as a more quantitative method than MALDI-MS. DIOS-MS has also been used in the qualitative analysis of polymer additives 16) and the quantitative analysis 17) of salicylic acid in serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of an Antioxidant Additive in Insoluble Plastics by Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS) Using TiO2 Nanoparticles

Osaka

Okumura

Miyake

et al. 2010

J. Mass Spectrom. Soc. Jpn.

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The applicability of matrix-free surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using porous silicon (DIOS-MS) and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-SALDI-MS) was examined by analyzing an antioxidant added to insoluble polypropylene (PP) materials. The optimized solvent extraction, which involved freezing and crushing the PP, results in a good recovery, 89ῌ4 and 97ῌ8῍ for 0.5 wt῍ of the added antioxidant, tetrakis[methylene3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane (commercial name; Irganox1010) in laboratory-produced and commercial PP composites, respectively. The positive ion measurements in DIOS and TiO2-SALDI-MS yielded sodium adduct ions without any interference from other signals. Using an internal standard with a similar structure, a good calibration curve linearity was established in the Irganox1010 concentration range of 0.01῍2.0 mg/mL in PP, which was su$cient for monitoring the plastic additives. However, TiO2-SALDI-MS was superior to DIOS-MS in terms of mass resolution and easiness of sample preparation. A solvent extraction method followed by TiO2-SALDI-MS appears to be a anticipated method for the analysis of additives in insoluble plastics.

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“…DIOS-MS has been applied to various kinds of compounds, such as peptides, natural products, small organic molecules and synthetic polymers. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The ionization efficiency of DIOS relies on a porous scaffold providing a sufficient surface area to retain analytes, and on the UV-absorptive property, which affords the transfer of laser energy to analytes. 26,27 In contrast to MALDI, chemical reactions in a plume composed of analytes and the sample matrix do not need to be considered in the ionization mechanism of DIOS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Ferrocene Derivatives in Desorption/Ionization on Porous Silicon

2005

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is currently an indispensable method for analyzing biomolecules and synthetic polymers. [1][2][3][4][5][6] While the mechanism of ionization is largely unknown, physical data on the ionization potentials and the gas-phase acidity or basicity have been accumulating, and the roles of the matrix-matrix, matrix-analyte and analyte-analyte reactions in both primary and secondary ionization events have been evaluated in some detail. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] These studies have suggested the secondary ionmolecule reactions in the plume to be essential to understanding the process of ionization and the mass spectrum. 7,9,11 Some analytes are reduced by these reactions as follows: Copper(II) ions are reduced by laser desorption/ionization (LDI) with or without a chemical matrix. 16Flavin-containing compounds, such as riboflavin, riboflavin 5′-phosphate and flavin-adenine dinucleotide, are reduced in MALDI and fast atom bombardment (FAB) ionization, but not in electrospray ionization, as reported by Itoh et al., who also found that the reduction levels depend on the matrix molecule types. 17 In the case of nitrotyrosine, the NO2 moiety is partially converted into NH2, probably due to reduction after photo-induced dissociation by UV laser irradiation. 18,19 Similarly, the S-nitrosylated cysteine, Cys(SNO), in peptides is completely converted to cysteine, Cys(SH), in MALDI. 20,21 Different mechanisms, such as electron capture and charge exchange with the chemical matrix, have been proposed to account for the reductions in MALDI. 8,9 A line of studies has indicated that free electrons are formed by photoelectric emission from the metal/dielectric-substance interface. [22][23][24][25] The metal sample target is not the photoelectron source, because the work function of metals is greater than the photon energy. 23 The presence of matrix molecules or analytes placed on a metal target enhances electron emission via band bending and the associated reduction in work function. 22,23 Thus, electron transfer from the sample target would be essential for understanding the analyte reduction in LDI.In desorption/ionization on porous silicon, termed DIOS, 26 analytes are deposited on a silicon chip, which is prepared by electrochemical anodization or chemical etching of crystalline silicon, for LDI without the addition of a chemical matrix. The DIOS mass spectra are thus free of cluster ions of the matrix, facilitating identification of the ions of small analyte molecules. DIOS-MS has been applied to various kinds of compounds, such as peptides, natural products, small organic molecules and synthetic polymers. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] The ionization efficiency of DIOS relies on a porous scaffold providing a sufficient surface area to retain analytes, and on the UV-absorptive property, which affords the transfer of laser energy to analytes. 26,27 In contrast to MALDI, chemical reactions in a plume composed of analytes and the sample ma...

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Feasibility of atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry in analysis of drugs

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Analysis of amphetamines and fentanyls by atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and its application to forensic analysis of drug seizures

Analysis of amphetamines and fentanyls by atmospheric pressure desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and its application to forensic analysis of drug seizures

Quantitative Analysis of an Antioxidant Additive in Insoluble Plastics by Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS) Using TiO2 Nanoparticles

Oxidation of Ferrocene Derivatives in Desorption/Ionization on Porous Silicon

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