Fe-doped SnO2 nanomaterial: A low temperature hydrogen sulfide gas sensor

Structural and Optical Properties of Nanostructured Fe-Doped SnO2

“…The average size of the particles decreases markedly as the Fe doping level increases suggesting that Fe plays vital role in the growth inhibition of the SnO 2 material. This can be attributed to the increased nucleation sites resulted from higher stacking fault energy due to Fe incorporation in the SnO 2 material [22]. XRD analysis was carried out to identify the crystal structure and phase purity of the samples.…”

Properties and mechanism study of SnO2 nanocrystals for H2S thick-film sensors

“…3 at.% Cu-doped nanocrystalline SnO 2 (25 nm in size) thin films fabricated by sol-gel dip coating technique in our previous study [17] were highly sensitive to H 2 S gas at room temperature and the response was 3648 toward 68.5 ppm of H 2 S. Vaishampayan et al [18] reported 1 at.% Fe-doped SnO 2 nanocrystals synthesized by the modified Pechini citrate route capable of detecting 10 ppm of H 2 S at room temperature, and the peak response toward 200 ppm of H 2 S occurred at about 200 • C.…”

Designing a reliable leak bio-detection system for natural gas pipelines

“…6; spectroscopic procedures [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141] are undoubtedly the most common routes taken, along with chromatographic [142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151] and electrochemical [152][153][154][155][156][157][158] techniques. The KB (stage 22) also produced alternative detection methods [159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177], such as elemental...…”

“…6 and listed in Table 5 are, however, still reliant upon some form of sample manipulation for the required selectivity, that adds considerably to cost. Furthermore, the detection of gas samples is quite problematic, especially at low concentrations [153,155,178]: the evolved gas is extremely reactive and will readily adsorb onto surfaces; while this is a feature that is actively exploited in a number of analytical protocols [132,140,[155][156][157][158]167,[171][172][173][174][175][176], it can be the source of erroneous results and poor recoveries, particularly when dealing with field assessments [178][179][180]. Elimination of such problems is a non-trivial task and requires careful handling by trained personnel and the utilization of 'deactivated' surfaces where appropriate.…”

“…This is particularly important when preparing low concentrations of the analyte, whereby losses through aerial oxidation or reaction with trace metal impurities (particularly copper [153,155]) can be significant. Notwithstanding, each sensor category bears along its own limitations that prohibit presently the development of field devices: spectroscopy cannot be used for direct quantitation as successful implementation of this approach still requires a degree of sample preparation [129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140]; the selectivity of electrochemical sensors remains an issue with other thiols (as mercaptans that are expected in the sample) and reducing agents [152][153][154][155][156][157][158]; chromatography requires column separation to compensate for the lack of selectivity with respect to other redox species [142][143][144][145][146][147]; solid state systems are generally susceptible to temperature and humidity fluctuations and typically offer less selectivity that other technologies [167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174].…”