Fatty Acid Transport in Cartilaginous Fish: Absence of Albumin and Possible Utilization of Lipoproteins

Metcalf, Victoria J.; Gemmell, Neil J.

doi:10.1007/s10695-005-5124-y

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…obs.). We did not detect albumins in whale shark blood using VetScan rotors, and we have not detected albumins in any other elasmobranch species we have examined (n = 11 species); this observation is consistent with the findings of Metcalf & Gemmell (2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Blood cells and serum chemistry in the world’s largest fish: the whale shark Rhincodon typus

Arnold¹,

Clauss²

2010

Aquat. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Descriptive information regarding the peripheral blood of normal whale sharks Rhincodon typus Smith 1828 is presented based on samples collected from 2 healthy female specimens held in an aquarium collection. Erythrocyte morphology was similar to other orectolobiforms and major leukocyte types were similar to other non-carcharhinid sharks. The numerically dominant population was the lymphocyte (46%), followed by the fine eosinophilic granulocyte or heterophil (39.5%). The remaining 15% of white blood cells were divided among coarse eosinophilic granulocytes or eosinophils, simple neutrophils, monocytes similar to those of most elasmobranchs and a rare basophilic stippled granulocyte or basophil. Thrombocytes were similar to those of other shark species; no granulated thrombocytes were observed in this species. Blood gas data and serum chemistry values are also presented. For comparison, 22 blood samples collected from 2 moribund male specimens showed that the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio may be a potentially useful biomarker of whale shark health. A pattern of marked heterophilia in these animals became more pronounced as their clinical condition deteriorated. These data represent the first exploration of the internal biology of the world's largest fish.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Blood cells and serum chemistry in the world’s largest fish: the whale shark Rhincodon typus

Arnold¹,

Clauss²

2010

Aquat. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,3,25 One study estimated it as <10% of the total lipoprotein, which is consistent with that observed in the present * Analyses conducted on 35 samples using the robust method. Data for total solids, percent fraction 1, percent fraction 2, and fraction 4 was not normally distributed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Protein and cholesterol electrophoresis of plasma samples from captive cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Our study was undertaken to assess the application of semiautomated methods available at the reference laboratory level for the evaluation of plasma protein and cholesterol via electrophoresis in samples from cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus). Three groups of animals were assessed: clinically normal, clinically abnormal, and parasitized with leeches. As reported previously, the albumin band was negligible; the protein electrophoretograms were dominated by a large beta-globulin fraction. While the group of samples from the leech-parasitized rays did not show any large differences, the abnormal group exhibited significantly elevated total solids and cholesterol levels. The latter was related to a significant increase in very low density lipoprotein levels. The results demonstrate the potential application of these laboratory methods in quantitation of plasma proteins and cholesterol fractions in subclass Elasmobranchii.

show abstract

“…This dissimilarity is consistent with a previous study in cownose stingrays (Ferreira et al 2010) and supports the premise that TS do not adequately correlate with total protein in elasmobranchs. There are indications that elasmobranchs produce little or no serum albumin (Metcalf & Gemmel 2005), which may account for the disparity. In addition to protein, refractometry results may be affected by the high concentrations of blood urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) (Olson 1999) present in elasmobranchs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of yellow stingrays Urobatis jamaicensis with the marine leech Branchellion torpedinis

Marancik

Camus²

2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infestations of elasmobranchs by the marine leech Branchellion torpedinis can be problematic in aquaria and negatively affect host health. To better characterize the extent and pathogenesis of disease, 12 yellow stingrays Urobatis jamaicensis were infected with 1 or 3 leeches for 14 d. Leeches were associated with anorexia, extensive cutaneous ulceration, decreased host packed cell volume (PCV) and serum total solids (TS), and mortality in 3 rays. Average decrease in host PCV positively correlated with ulcer size and parasite:host ratio. Average decrease in host serum TS positively correlated with parasite:host ratio. Blood chemistry and total white blood cell counts revealed no significant trends. Additional necropsy findings included gill and splenic pallor, pericardial edema, perirenal edema, and decreased hepatocellular lipid deposits. Microscopic evaluation of leeches demonstrated host erythrocytes and proteinaceous fluid within parasite intestines, confirming active blood feeding. Results indicate B. torpedinis has the potential to cause significant disease in elasmobranchs, including death in as few as 5 d, and identifies ulcer size and parasite:host ratio as risk factors for disease. Elucidation of this host-parasite interaction helps characterize host response to parasites and facilitate care of parasitized elasmobranchs in aquarium and wild settings. KEY WORDS: Branchellion torpedinis · Leech · Urobatis jamaicensis · Stingray · Infection Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 101: [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] 2012 Although host mortality is often presumed to be from blood loss, there may be additional factors affecting fish health during leech infections. Ectoparasites can represent stressors for fish and have been associated with decreased foraging (Milinski 1984), impaired anti-predator behavior (Milinski 1985), and reduced fecundity and growth (Iwama et al. 1999). For example, shorthorn sculpin Myxocephalus scorpius infected with the leech Malmiana brunnea showed significantly lower energetics than uninfected sculpin: Energy deficiencies attributed to leech feeding, tissue damage, and loss of metabolites, accounted for an energy loss of ~750 cal wk −1 per gram of leech (Mace & Davis 1972).Leeches also play a role as vectors of disease in fish. Leech transmission of hematozoa including Trypanosoma spp. and Trypanoplasma spp. has been demonstrated in elasmobranchs and teleosts (Kruse et al. 1989, Burreson 2007. There is evidence implicating leeches as mechanical vectors of viruses in teleosts (Ahne 1985, Mulcahy et al. 1990, Faisal & Schulz 2009) and speculation that attachment site ulcers (Faisal et al. 2011), and perhaps transmission by leeches themselves (Bragg et al. 1989), may predispose hosts to bacterial infections. Further physiologic and pathologic effects may exist in the leechhost relationship, but are yet unidentified.Branchellion torpedinis is a marine leech that exclusively parasitizes elasmobranchs. Inadverten...

show abstract

Fatty Acid Transport in Cartilaginous Fish: Absence of Albumin and Possible Utilization of Lipoproteins

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

Blood cells and serum chemistry in the world’s largest fish: the whale shark Rhincodon typus

Blood cells and serum chemistry in the world’s largest fish: the whale shark Rhincodon typus

Protein and cholesterol electrophoresis of plasma samples from captive cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)

Experimental infection of yellow stingrays Urobatis jamaicensis with the marine leech Branchellion torpedinis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About