“…In this sense, the present report is the first reliable, long-term, record of B. torpedinis associations based on observations in its natural habitat during 10 years, including data on size, depth distribution, substrate, predation location, host age class, activity and season. Marancik et al (2012) associated infection of yellow stingray Urobatis jamaicensis, with a weight range between 315 to 550 g, by one to three B. torpedinis, in an aquarium environment during 14 days with anorexia, extensive cutaneous ulceration, decreased host packed cell volume and serum total solids, and mortality. However, to date, there is no conclusive data from the wild of the impact on the host's biological fitness and behavioral change when parasitized by B. torpedinis.…”