Protein and cholesterol electrophoresis of plasma samples from captive cownose ray (<i>Rhinoptera bonasus</i>)

Cray, Carolyn; Rodriguez, Marilyn; Field, Cara L.; McDermott, Alexa; Leppert, Lynda L.; Clauss, Tonya M.; Bossart, Gregory D.

doi:10.1177/1040638715607293

Cited by 13 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The minor fraction 1 band (rather than albumin) may contain high‐density lipoproteins as described in other elasmobranchs, as the location and concentration of fraction 1 in this study is consistent with the location of fraction 1 in those studies (Metcalf and Gemmell ; Cray et al. ). The low levels of albumin fractions compared with mammals are in accordance with previous reports in the literature for elasmobranchs, as elasmobranchs do not possess albumin (Ballantyne ; Metcalf and Gemmell ; Cray et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Protein electrophoresis fraction concentrations were defined, as shown in Table (Cray et al. ; Hyatt et al. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fraction delimits, referred to as fractions 1–5 and based on mammalian albumin, alpha 1‐, alpha 2‐, beta‐, and gamma‐globulin migration characteristics, were determined (Cray et al. ). The TP was determined by the biuret method (Pierce BCA assay; Gornall et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TS was determined with a nontemperature compensated refractometer (Schuco, Japan; Cray et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Protein Analysis of Nurse Sharks

et al. 2020

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Serum protein electrophoresis (EPH) is used to assess relative concentrations of blood proteins in clinical and biological studies. Serum EPH fractions have been determined for elasmobranchs using mammalian albumin, alpha 1‐, alpha 2‐, beta‐, and gamma‐globulin fractions, and have been deemed fractions 1 through 5, respectively. However, serum EPH fraction concentration reference intervals (RIs) have not been widely established for different elasmobranch species. In this study, RIs for fractions 1 through 5 were determined from 45 wild‐caught Nurse Sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum (27 females and 23 males) in South Florida. Serum samples were isolated from whole blood following caudal venipuncture. Body condition was also measured in the field to assess the relative health of the individuals sampled. There was no relationship between body condition and serum EPH fraction concentrations. In addition, there was no difference in body condition or serum EPH fraction concentrations between females and males. Total solids and total protein values were significantly different (P < 0.001). Nurse Shark serum EPH fraction 1 was found within the mammalian albumin migrating band distance and was negligible. Fraction 2 showed no peak in the mammalian alpha 1‐globulin range. A thin, medium peak in the mammalian alpha 2‐globulin range represented fraction 3. In the mammalian beta‐globulin range, fraction 4 consisted of the majority of protein observed. It was represented by a smooth, broad peak. A short, medium broad peak in the mammalian gamma‐globulin range represented fraction 5. The Nurse Shark serum EPH fraction RIs provided in this study may be utilized to clinically evaluate the health of Nurse Sharks in captivity and in the wild, and to compare the health of their populations around the world experiencing various anthropogenic stressors and other environmental impacts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Protein electrophoresis fraction concentrations were defined, as shown in Table (Cray et al. ; Hyatt et al. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TS was determined with a nontemperature compensated refractometer (Schuco, Japan; Cray et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum Protein Analysis of Nurse Sharks

et al. 2020

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“…Changes in blood components or profile are used for studying body responses in varied conditions (e.g. different habitats or feeding) in many fish species, including M. cephalus (Cray et al, ; Parrino et al, ; Xue, Renault, Cochennec, & Gerard, ). Serum protein fractionation—changes in band numbers, sizes or density—is a good tool, used profusely to determine changes in immunity, as well as an indicator for changes in environments and habitats (Christiansen, Cray, Lewbart, & Harms, ; Fazio et al, ; Muhammad, Mahmoud, Fazio, & Sayed, ; Thurston, ; Xue et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on immune‐related gene expression and serum protein fractionation in grey mullet,Mugil cephalus

et al. 2020

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Immunity occupies the top priority in aquaculture. Great efforts have been made to study fish immunity, but little is known about the immunity of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus despite of its importance. We evaluated the effect of different doses (0, 1, 10 and 100 µg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of non‐specific immune response genes (interleukin (il) 1β, il8, il10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfα)) in the liver, as well as its effect on the fractionation of serum protein in juvenile grey mullet along different times and concentrations. Analysis revealed that LPS initially caused an upregulation in the studied cytokines. After that, transcripts levels were switched sequentially between downregulation and upregulation, ending with an upregulation at 1 week post injection in il8, il10 and tnfα. Regarding il1β, its initial upregulation was followed by gradual decreases, which reached a marked downregulation at 1 week post injection. Protein fractionation exhibited many changes among doses and time. Nine fractions were discernable in protein electrophoresis of serum in all doses. The most pronounced changes were detected in fractions 7–9 (generally refer to γ globulins or immunoglobulins) using densitometric analysis. In addition, LPS suggested to modulate the levels of serum transferrin. It is known that LPS is a component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria, and this study sheds light on the molecular fitness mechanisms against bacterial infection, which could help in developing a strategy to improve resistance to bacterial diseases, or possibly to enhance immune response in grey mullet.

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Evaluation of Comprehensive Coelomic Fluid Analysis through Coelomic Pore Sampling as a Novel Diagnostic Tool in Elasmobranchs

Donnelly

Stacy

Guttridge³

et al. 2019

J Aqua Anim Hlth

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The objectives of this study were to describe a minimally invasive coelomic fluid sampling technique in elasmobranchs, to characterize the coelomic fluid composition in clinically normal and abnormal animals, and to compare findings from wild and managed populations. Fluid was collected via the coelomic pore in 89 individuals from 16 species spanning clinically normal and abnormal patients within a managed population (n = 54), a semi‐managed open‐lagoon population (n = 18), and a wild population (n = 17). Biochemical and cytological fluid analyses were performed on all samples, and bacterial and fungal culture, protein electrophoresis, and cholesterol electrophoresis were performed on a subset of samples. The presence of a variable volume of colorless to white and clear to slightly turbid coelomic fluid was consistent with a normal finding; however, the cytological and chemical makeup of coelomic fluid was found to provide additional clinically relevant information. The coelomic fluid from some of the abnormal samples (n = 37) contained white blood cells (n = 15) and concurrent bacteria (n = 7), the latter suggestive of bacterial coelomitis. Yolk was identified in both clinically normal and abnormal females. Of the biochemical parameters tested, calcium, chloride, cholesterol, osmolality, phosphorus, salinity, sodium, specific gravity, total protein, and urea nitrogen have clinical utility. Abnormal samples were mostly associated with reproductive disease, but to a lesser extent with coelomitis and hemocoelom. The wild and semi‐managed groups had biochemical differences presumably reflective of the higher salinity of ocean water compared with that in the managed habitat. Aerobic bacteria were identified in normal (n = 7) and abnormal (n = 11) animals. Positive bacterial culture without inflammation may be normal. This study contributes to a further understanding of elasmobranch coelomic fluid analysis and its use as a diagnostic modality for the evaluation of elasmobranch health.

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Protein and cholesterol electrophoresis of plasma samples from captive cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus)

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Serum Protein Analysis of Nurse Sharks

Serum Protein Analysis of Nurse Sharks

Modulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on immune‐related gene expression and serum protein fractionation in grey mullet,Mugil cephalus

Evaluation of Comprehensive Coelomic Fluid Analysis through Coelomic Pore Sampling as a Novel Diagnostic Tool in Elasmobranchs

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