Fatty Acid Methyl Esters From the Coral-Associated Bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa Inhibit Virulence and Biofilm Phenotypes in Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro Approach

Abstract

In an attempt to study the antibacterial, antivirulence and antibiofilm potentials of bacteria residing the tissue and surface mucus layers of the pristine corals, we screened a total of 43 distinct bacterial morphotypes from the coral Favites sp. Among the isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CBMGL12 with showed antibacterial, antivirulence and antibiofilm activity against multidrug resistant pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus (reference strain: MTCC96; community-acquired methicillin resistant strain: CA-MRSA). Extracellular products (ECP) from the coral-associated bacterium P. aeruginosa were solvent extracted, fractionated by chromatographic techniques such as silica column and HPLC-UV with concomitant bioassays guiding the fractionation of metabolites. Identification of bioactive chemical moieties was performed by FT-IR analysis, GC-MS/MS equipped with NIST library, 1H and 13C NMR spectral studies. We report the differential production of extracellular and cell-associated virulence and biofilm phenotypes in multi-drug resistant strains of S. aureus, post-treatment with the ECP containing aromatic fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) such as methyl benzoate and methyl phenyl acetate produced by a coral-associated bacterium. In conclusion, this study has identified antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulent FAME from the coral-associated P. aeruginosa for its ability to attenuate virulence and biofilms phenotypes in multi-drug resistant pathogenic strains of S. aureus.

Microfluidics Based Generation of Curcumin Loaded Microfibrous Mat against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm by Photodynamic Therapy

“…The IR spectra of bacterial biofilm in the presence of CMT + light showed a narrow and weak stretch of functional groups, giving evidence of remarkable change in the carbohydrate and protein composition of the extracellular matrix of S. aureus . A significant alteration was mainly observed in the 1659 cm –1 stretch which mainly accounts for the pathogenesis related protein synthesis . In a recent work, a qualitative study found changes in the stretch of the amide group that are mainly associated with the conformation change in the proteins responsible for the biofilm forming extracellular matrix of S. aureus .…”

“…A significant alteration was mainly observed in the 1659 cm −1 stretch which mainly accounts for the pathogenesis related protein synthesis. 38 In a recent work, a qualitative study found changes in the stretch of the amide group that are mainly associated with the conformation change in the proteins responsible for the biofilm forming extracellular matrix of S. aureus. 39 Another study reported the reduction in the functional moieties revealing the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa extract on a biofilm of multidrug resistant S. aureus by reduction of the virulence protein responsible for the hemolysins and proteases.…”

“…39 Another study reported the reduction in the functional moieties revealing the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa extract on a biofilm of multidrug resistant S. aureus by reduction of the virulence protein responsible for the hemolysins and proteases. 38 Additionally, the susceptibility of the biofilm toward CMT + light was quantitatively checked by measuring the reduction in biomass. Figure 7d shows a 62.5% reduction in biomass with CMT while synergistic activity of CMT with light causes an 87.5% reduction in biomass, compared to the control.…”

Seasonal dynamics and environmental drivers of tissue and mucus microbiomes in the staghorn coralAcropora pulchra

“…5B), suggesting microbiome acclimation. While their function remains largely unknown, these taxa have been found in the microbiomes of healthy corals (Chu and Vollmer, 2016; McKew et al, 2012; Vijay et al, 2021) and may provide benefits for A. pulchra when exposed to increased runoff during the wet season given their overrepresentation in the mucus (Fig. 7A).…”

“…5B & C) with mucus mirobiomes dominated by Comamonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, Chitinophagaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae. Pseudomonadaceae have previously been described from the mucus of healthy corals and are known for their antibacterial, antiviral, and antifouling properties that allow for control of viruses and prevention of biofilm formation (Vijay et al, 2021), linking this taxon to potential roles in microbiome regulation. Moraxellaceae, such as Psychrobacter spp., have also been described from coral mucus samples (McKew et al, 2012) and possess genes associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism that may confer the ability to utilize organic compounds found in the mucus (Badhai, Ghosh and Das, 2016).…”