Fatty Acid Activation: Specificity, Localization, and Function

Oxidation of Fatty Acids in Cultured Fibroblasts: a Model System for the Detection and Study of Defects in Oxidation

“…Inside the mitochondria, a second carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT 11) bound to the inner face of the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyzes the reverse reaction, reconverting fatty acyl carnitine to fatty acyl CoA, which can then undergo /3-oxidation. In contrast to the long chain fatty acids, medium and short chain fatty acids are converted to their acyl CoA derivatives inside the mitochondria so that CPT reaction is not necessary for their oxidative catabolism (17,23,24).…”

Strategies to Enhance Fat Utilisation During Exercise

“…The rate of the latter reaction is controlled by fatty acyl CoA synthetase. [22] During transport of FA from blood to muscle, several barriers may limit FA uptake: (i) the membranes of the vascular endothelial cell; (ii) the interstitial space between endothelium and muscle cell; and (iii) the muscle cell membrane.…”

Effect of Salicylic Acid on Mitochondrial-Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Catabolism

“…At the subcellular level acyl-CoA ligases, enzymes for activation of fatty acids, are localized in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and microsomes (27)(28)(29)(30). Salicylic acid inhibited the activation of octanoic acid more than the activation of palmitic acid and it had no effect on the activation of lignoceric acid.…”

“…Salicylic acid inhibited the activation of octanoic acid more than the activation of palmitic acid and it had no effect on the activation of lignoceric acid. Mitochondria contain various acyl-CoA ligases for different chain length fatty acids and they are localized both in the outer as well as the inner matrix membrane (27). Fatty acids are converted to CoA-derivatives by acyl-CoA ligase present in the outer membrane, which in turn are converted to acyl-carnitine derivatives by acyl-carnitine transferase and are transported through the mitochondrial wall.…”