Fatigue Properties of Ti Alloys with an Ultrafine Grained Structure: Challenges and Achievements

Semenova, Irina P.; Modina, Iuliia M.; Stotskiy, Andrey; Polyakov, A.; Pesin, Mikhail V.

doi:10.3390/met12020312

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…This procedure considerably increases the material’s strength and ductility by reducing the particle size and generating a uniform microstructure composed of ultrafine grains. ECAP has shown promise in the past as a technique for improving the mechanical properties of CP Ti for use in a variety of applications, including medical implants and aerospace components [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Pure Titanium’s Biological and Mechanical Characteristics through ECAP and Micro-Arc Oxidation Processes

Alemayehu,

Todoh,

Hsieh

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Pure titanium is limited to be used in biomedical applications due to its lower mechanical strength compared to its alloy counterpart. To enhance its properties and improve medical implants feasibility, advancements in titanium processing technologies are necessary. One such technique is equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) for its severe plastic deformation (SPD). This study aims to surface modify commercially pure titanium using micro-arc oxidation (MAO) or plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technologies, and mineral solutions containing Ca and P. The composition, metallography, and shape of the changed surface were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), digital optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. A microhardness test is conducted to assess each sample’s mechanical strength. The weight % of Ca and P in the coating was determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the corrosion resistance was evaluated through potentiodynamic measurement. The behavior of human dental pulp cell and periodontal cell behavior was also studied through a biomedical experiment over a period of 1-, 3-, and 7-days using culture medium, and the cell death and viability can be inferred with the help of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) since it can detect proteins or biomarkers secreted by cells undergoing apoptosis or necrosis. This study shows that the mechanical grain refinement method and surface modification might improve the mechanical and biomechanical properties of commercially pure (CP) titanium. According to the results of the corrosion loss measurements, 2PassMAO had the lowest corrosion rate, which is determined to be 0.495 mmpy. The electrode potentials for the 1-pass and 2-pass coated samples are 1.44 V and 1.47 V, respectively. This suggests that the coating is highly effective in reducing the corrosion rate of the metallic CP Ti sample. Changes in the grain size and the presence of a high number of grain boundaries have a significant impact on the corrosion resistance of CP Ti. For ECAPED and surface-modified titanium samples in a 3.6% NaCl electrolyte solution, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) properties are similar to Nyquist and Bode plot fitting. In light of ISO 10993-5 guidelines for assessing in vitro cytotoxicity, this study contributes valuable insights into pulp and periodontal cell behavior, focusing specifically on material cytotoxicity, a critical factor determined by a 30% decrease in cell viability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Pure Titanium’s Biological and Mechanical Characteristics through ECAP and Micro-Arc Oxidation Processes

Alemayehu,

Todoh,

Hsieh

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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“…This suggests that the presence of the ω phase did not exert as strong a constraint on the grain growth of the β phase. It is notable that alloys with smaller grain sizes often demonstrate higher strength and fatigue resistance [24]. Additionally, in Figure 4, the angle of the β(220) diffraction peak for Ti-Cr is indicated by a red dashed line at 84.07 • .…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the presence of the ω phase did not exert as strong a constraint on the grain growth of the β phase. It is notable that alloys with smaller grain sizes often demonstrate higher strength and fatigue resistance [24]. The microhardness values of as-cast CP-Ti, Ti-5Cr, and the Ti-5Cr-xNb alloy series are illustrated in Figure 6.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Niobium Additions on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of Ti–5Cr–xNb Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Hsu,

Wu,

Fang

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this study, a series of Ti–5Cr–xNb alloys with varying Nb content (ranging from 1 to 40 wt.%) were investigated to assess their suitability as implant materials. Comprehensive analyses were conducted, including phase analysis, microscopy examination, mechanical testing, and corrosion resistance evaluation. The results revealed significant structural alterations attributed to Nb addition, notably suppressing the formation of the ω phase and transitioning from α’ + β + ω to single β phase structures. Moreover, the incorporation of Nb markedly improved the alloys’ plastic deformation ability and reduced their elastic modulus. In particular, the Ti–5Cr–25Nb alloy demonstrated high values in corrosion potential and polarization resistance, signifying exceptional corrosion resistance. This alloy also displayed high bending strength (approximately 1500 MPa), a low elastic modulus (approximately 80 GPa), and outstanding elastic recovery and plastic deformation capabilities. These aggregate outcomes indicate the promising potential of the β-phase Ti–5Cr–25Nb alloy for applications in orthopedic and dental implants.

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“…These coatings have been reported to be problematic in attachment to the base material, increasing wear and chipping [27]. Nanostructured titanium alloy surfaces have potential to be incorporated on orthopedic implants and confer to the devices antibacterial and osseointegration properties [28][29][30][31]. Moreover, nanostructured titanium alloy surfaces could improve wear resistance [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding and Fretting Wear Behavior of Biomedical Ultrafine-Grained TiNbZrTaFe/Si Alloys in Simulated Physiological Solution

Li,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Materials

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This work investigated the wear behavior of ultrafine-grained Ti65Nb23.33Zr5Ta1.67Fe5 (at.%, TNZTF) and Ti65Nb23.33Zr5Ta1.67Si5 (at.%, TNZTS) alloys fabricated by high-energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering. Wear tests were conducted in a simulated physiological solution under both reciprocating sliding and fretting wear conditions with different loads, frequencies, and stroke lengths. The microstructures, mechanical properties, and anti-wear properties of the investigated alloys were characterized. The results showed that the TNZTF and TNZTS alloys had much less wear volume than the commonly used Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy and commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). The TNZTF and TNZTS alloys exhibited much more smooth wear surfaces and shallower wear scars compared with TC4 and CP-Ti. The investigated alloys exhibited different wear mechanisms under the reciprocating sliding wear conditions, while they were similar under the fretting wear conditions. Compared with TC4 and CP-Ti, the fabricated TNZTF and TNZTS alloys showed a substantially higher wear resistance, owing to their ultrafine-grained microstructure and superior hardness. Additionally, the addition of Nb and Zr further enhanced the wear resistance by forming a protective Nb2O5 and ZrO2 oxide film. This work provides guidance for designing new biomedical titanium alloys with excellent wear resistance.

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Fatigue Properties of Ti Alloys with an Ultrafine Grained Structure: Challenges and Achievements

Cited by 13 publications

References 90 publications

Improving Pure Titanium’s Biological and Mechanical Characteristics through ECAP and Micro-Arc Oxidation Processes

Improving Pure Titanium’s Biological and Mechanical Characteristics through ECAP and Micro-Arc Oxidation Processes

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Niobium Additions on the Structural Characteristics and Properties of Ti–5Cr–xNb Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Sliding and Fretting Wear Behavior of Biomedical Ultrafine-Grained TiNbZrTaFe/Si Alloys in Simulated Physiological Solution

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