Fatal upper airway obstruction in a pig after general anaesthesia

Mirra, Alessandro; Arnold, Marlène; Casoni, Daniela; Maidanskaia, Ekaterina Gámez; Casalta, Luisana Gisela García; Levionnois, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2021.08.047

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The pig was not mechanically ventilated in the first anaesthetic and is therefore an unlikely cause. However, pigs are susceptible to laryngeal obstruction 41 . Delayed dyspnoea after endotracheal intubation has been reported in pigs, 5 with laryngeal oedema identified on postmortem examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, pigs are susceptible to laryngeal obstruction. 41 Delayed dyspnoea after endotracheal intubation has been reported in pigs, 5 with laryngeal oedema identified on postmortem examination. Laryngeal obstruction was not observed in this pig following extubation in the first anaesthetic, and increases in respiratory rate and effort were slow and progressive over 2 days.…”

Section:  Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suspected pulmonary oedema development in a pig following general anaesthesia and the associated complications encountered during a subsequent general anaesthetic

Walters

Brearley

Baptista

et al. 2022

Vet Record Case Reports

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An 85 kg, 6‐year‐old pig presenting with stranguria was anaesthetised for computed tomography and cystotomy. During this anaesthetic, bradyarrhythmias occurred twice, both responding to medical intervention. A cystotomy tube was placed but the removal of one urethrolith was not possible. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. During hospitalisation, the animal's respiratory rate and effort increased, with crackles on thoracic auscultation. As this responded to antibiotics and a reduction in intravenous fluid therapy, the pig underwent a second anaesthetic for a percutaneous cystolithotomy to remove the urethrolith. On induction of anaesthesia, clear fluid was visible in the oropharynx. This was removed by suction but after intubation large volumes flowed from the respiratory tract via the endotracheal tube. The pig's condition was stabilised during the anaesthetic with intravenous furosemide and intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation. Surgery was completed and the animal recovered from anaesthesia. Postoperatively the pig developed severe dyspnoea and cardiopulmonary arrest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected pulmonary oedema development in a pig following general anaesthesia and the associated complications encountered during a subsequent general anaesthetic

Walters

Brearley

Baptista

et al. 2022

Vet Record Case Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ventral recumbency can be advantageous if compared to dorsal, especially for operators lacking experience in anesthetizing animals [71]. To decrease the risk of laryngeal spasm, the arytenoids can be sprayed with 2-4% lidocaine a minute before intubation is attempted [46,72].…”

Section: Endotracheal Intubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If resistance is encountered during intubation at the level of the arytenoid cartilages, a smaller ETT should be used. Repeated attempts during a standard intubation procedure can determine laryngospasm and laryngeal trauma [72,74]. Extubating is performed gently to avoid any traumatization of the tissues; their edema can cause obstructions of the airways during the awakening period.…”

Section: Endotracheal Intubationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig Sedation and Anesthesia for Medical Research

Costea,

Ene,

Pavel

2023

Animals

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In clinical veterinary practice, proper training and expertise in anesthesia administration and monitoring are essential. Pigs are suitable experimental animals for many surgical techniques because they are similar in size to humans and have a short reproductive cycle. This makes them ideal for research concerning organ transplantation, cardiovascular surgery, and other procedures that require a large animal model. Sedation and premedication should be administered at the lowest dose to be effective with predictable results and reduced adverse effects, to ensure the safety of both the animal and the team involved in the procedure, with a fast onset and optimizing the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The goal of induction is to achieve a safe and effective level of anesthesia that ensures patient safety and facilitates research. Most of the time, inhalation anesthesia with endotracheal intubation is the ideal choice for maintenance of anesthesia. The difficulties related to endotracheal intubation of pigs can be overcome by knowing the anatomical peculiarities. Effective analgesia tailored to the specific procedure, the pig’s condition, and individual responses to medications should complete the maintenance and recovery protocols, reducing perioperative complications.

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