These results indicate that lithium dilution is a suitable method for measuring cardiac output in horses. As well as being accurate, it avoids the need for pulmonary artery catheterization and is quick and safe to use. Monitoring cardiac output during anesthesia in horses may help reduce the high anesthetic mortality in this species.
Medetomidine (10, 20, 40 μg/kg) was used as a premedicant before thiopentone, halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia in 60 dogs undergoing a variety of elective surgical and diagnostic procedures at the University of Liverpool Small Animal Hospital. The efficacy of the sedation produced by the three dose groups was evaluated using a sedation scoring system which is presented. Induction of anaesthesia was accomplished using 1–25 per cent thiopentone sodium administered slowly to effect. The mean dose of thiopentone required for intubation following 10 μ‐g/kg medetomidine (group 1) was 6–9 mg/kg (SD ± 2–3 mg/kg), following 20 μ‐g/kg medetomidine (group 2) was 4–5 mg/kg (SD ± 1–6 mg/kg) and following 40 μg/kg (group 3) was 2–4 mg/kg (SD ± 2–5 mg/kg). Induction of anaesthesia was generally smooth and significant apnoea (greater than 45 seconds) was not noted. Anaesthesia was maintained in all cases using halothane vapourised in a one part oxygen to two parts nitrous oxide mixture, delivered to the patient via a suitable non‐breathing circuit (Magill, Bain or T Piece). At the conclusion of the procedure, atipamezole (50, 100, 200 μg/kg) was administered intramuscularly to half of the dogs in each group (10 dogs). Dogs receiving atipamezole recovered rapidly and smoothly to sternal recumbency, group 1 taking 8‐5 minutes (SD ± 2–7 minutes), group 2 taking 11‐8 minutes (SD ± 3–6 minutes), and group 3 taking 12‐6 minutes (sd ± 4–5 minutes). When atipamezole was not administered a dose dependent increase in recumbency time occurred.
This study suggests that the preoperative administration of omeprazole is effective in reducing the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux during anaesthesia in dogs.
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