Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamin Contents of Breast Milk from Japanese Women

Sakurai, Takayuki; Furukawa, Miyako; Asoh, Miyuki; Kanno, Takahiro; Kojima, Tadashi; Yonekubo, Akie

doi:10.3177/jnsv.51.239

Cited by 87 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Daily supplementation with MV (vitamins B, C and E) increased a-tocopherol concentrations in breast milk by approximately 20% while MV supplementation was associated with a B25% reduction in breast milk concentrations of g-tocopherol. In the placebo group, the concentrations of retinol, b-carotene, a-carotene and the tocopherols were comparable to those reported from studies in nonsupplemented, presumably HIV-uninfected women at similar times postpartum (Gossage et al, 2002;Canfield et al, 2003;Schweigert et al, 2004;Sakurai et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of vitamin supplementation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols in HIV-infected Tanzanian women

et al. 2007

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Background/Objective: The effect of daily prenatal and postnatal vitamin supplementation on concentrations of breast milk nutrients is not well characterized in HIV-infected women. We examined the impact of vitamin supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols during the first year postpartum among 626 HIV-infected Tanzanian women. Subjects/Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Women were assigned to one of four daily oral supplements: vitamin A þ b-carotene (VA þ BC); multivitamins (MV; B, C and E); MV þ VA þ BC or placebo. Concentrations of breast milk nutrients were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography at birth and every 3 months thereafter. Results: Supplementation with VA þ BC increased concentrations of retinol, b-carotene and a-carotene at delivery by 4799, 1791 and 84 nmol l À1 , respectively, compared to no VA þ BC (all Po0.0001). MV supplementation did not increase concentrations of a-tocopherol or d-tocopherol at delivery but significantly decreased concentrations of breast milk g-tocopherol and retinol. Although concentrations of all nutrients decreased significantly by 3 months postpartum, retinol, a-carotene and b-carotene concentrations were significantly higher among those receiving VA þ BC at 3, 6 and 12 months compared to no VA þ BC. a-Tocopherol was significantly higher, while g-tocopherol concentrations were significantly lower, among women receiving MV compared to no MV at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Conclusions: Sustained supplementation of HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers with MV could be a safe and effective intervention to improve vitamin E concentrations in breast milk. VA þ BC supplementation increases concentrations of breast milk retinol but it is not recommended in HIV-infected mothers due to the elevated risk of vertical transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of vitamin supplementation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols in HIV-infected Tanzanian women

et al. 2007

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“…Nicotinamide concentration was previously reported as vitamin B 3 level in BM [28,39]. Our findings confirm that nicotinamide is the primary B 3 vitamer present in BM, however we additionally show that nudifloramide (N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) is also present at a similar level compared to nicotinamide.…”

Section: Application To Bm Samplessupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Vitamin B 2 main secreted form in breast milk is FAD, contributing for at least 60% total B 2 [18]. As reported in previous findings [18,39], our results on vitamin B 2 emphasized on the importance of quantifying not only riboflavin but also flavin derivatives to best quantify total B 2 in breast milk.…”

Section: Application To Bm Samplessupporting

confidence: 64%

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A Novel Methodology for the Quantification of B-Vitamers in Breast Milk

Redeuil¹,

Bénet²,

Affolter³

et al. 2017

J Anal Bioanal Tech

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With this report we present the development, validation and application of an analytical methodology for the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers and secreted or biological forms in breast milk. On a relatively low amount of breast milk (200 µL), we applied isotope dilution-based sample preparation based on a combination of enzymatic treatment and protein precipitation using acidic methanol enriched with stable isotope labelled internal standards. Compounds separation was achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detection performed by tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. To perform the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers, procured pooled breast milk was used to build matrix-matched calibration curves, as labelled internal standards were not available for each vitamer. The analytical approach has been validated according to the EMA guidelines. The overall performance of the method was considered adequate, with 0.3-28.3% and 0.9-32.6% intra and inter-day precision respectively and averaged accuracy reaching 92.2-107.5%. In addition, performed freeze/thaw stability studies showed the potential degradation of some vitamers. We therefore recommend particular attention in sample collection with rather having dedicated aliquots with small volumes. The feasibility of this analytical approach has been evaluated by quantifying various breast milk samples that were procured from an external supplier. The main forms found in breast milk were thiamine monophosphate for B 1 , flavin adenine dinucleotide for B 2 , nicotinamide for B 3 , pyridoxal for B 6 and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid for B 9 . In addition, we newly reported nudifloramide as B 3 form present in breast milk. With this analytical approach, it will give more confidence to provide a comprehensive assessment of the presence of water soluble vitamins in breast milk. This will enable the accurate evaluation of the nutritional requirements of infants.

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“…Mean concentrations of pantothenic acid in mature human milk typically range between 2 and 3 mg/L (data from the UK, USA and Japan, up to one year of lactation) (DHSS, 1977;Ford et al, 1983;Song et al, 1984;Sakurai et al, 2005), although a mean concentration up to 6.7 mg/L has been found in a group of mothers in the USA taking or not supplements (Johnston et al, 1981) (Appendix A).…”

Section: Function Physiology and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for pantothenic acid

Products¹

2014

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, which is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl-carrier proteins. Pantothenic acid is ubiquitous and deficiency is rare. There are no suitable biomarkers that can be used to derive the requirement for pantothenic acid. Data available on pantothenic acid intakes and health consequences are very limited and cannot be used to derive DRVs for pantothenic acid. As there is insufficient evidence available to derive an Average Requirement and a Population Reference Intake, an Adequate Intake (AI) is proposed. The setting of AIs is based on observed pantothenic acid intakes with a mixed diet and the apparent absence of signs of deficiency in the EU, suggesting that current intake levels are adequate. The AI for adults is set at 5 mg/day. The AI for adults also applies to pregnant women. For lactating women, an AI of 7 mg/day is proposed, to compensate for pantothenic acid losses through breast milk. For infants over six months, an AI of 3 mg/day is proposed by extrapolating from the pantothenic acid intake of exclusively breast-fed infants aged zero to six months, using allometric scaling and reference body weight for each age group, in order to account for the role of pantothenic acid in energy metabolism. The AI for children and adolescents is set at 4 and 5 mg/day, respectively, based on observed intakes in the EU. In 1993, the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) proposed an Acceptable Range of Intakes of pantothenic acid for adults of 3-12 mg/day, based on observed intakes of pantothenic acid in European countries, which were considered adequate to meet requirements and prevent deficiency. © EuropeanPantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, which is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and acylcarrier proteins. Pantothenic acid is ubiquitous and deficiency is rare. Foods rich in pantothenic acid include meat (products), eggs, nuts, avocados and cruciferous vegetables. The main contributors to pantothenic acid intakes include meat products, bread, milk-based products and vegetables.Data on pantothenic acid absorption are lacking. Most of the pantothenic acid in tissues is present as CoA, mainly found in mitochondria, with lesser amounts present as acyl-carrier protein and free pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is excreted in urine, after hydrolysis of CoA in a multistep reaction.Urinary excretion of pantothenic acid and, to a lesser extent, pantothenic acid concentration in whole blood or erythrocytes reflect pantothenic acid intake. Data from the general population are limited so that the variability characteristics of these biomarkers and their ability to discriminate between pantothenic acid insufficiency and adequacy are not well known. No cut-off values have been established for these biomarkers. The Panel considers that there are no suitable biomarkers that can be used to derive the Aver...

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Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble Vitamin Contents of Breast Milk from Japanese Women

Cited by 87 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of vitamin supplementation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols in HIV-infected Tanzanian women

Effect of vitamin supplementation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols in HIV-infected Tanzanian women

A Novel Methodology for the Quantification of B-Vitamers in Breast Milk

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for pantothenic acid

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