Fat content and fatty acids profile of colostrum and milk of primitive Konik horses (Equus caballus gmeliniAnt.) during six months of lactation

Abstract

The effect of the stage of lactation, the number of foals and age of the mare on changes in the fat content and fatty acid composition of colostrum and milk of primitive Konik horses was investigated. Colostrum and milk samples from 12 lactating mares were collected at the beginning of lactation, on the days 1 and 2 after foaling and then, starting from the first month of lactation, at 4-week intervals up to the sixth month of lactation. Significant differences were observed in fat content as well as the composition of some analysed fatty acids between colostrum and milk of mares of the Konik breed. The number of foalings and the age of mares did not have a statistically significant effect on the fat content in milk and had only a slight effect on the fatty acid composition. Milk produced by mares of the Konik breed is characterized by a considerable content of polyene fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms, a low ratio of n-6 fatty acids to n-3 fatty acids as well as low, highly advantageous values of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices.

Dietary carnosic acid, selenized yeast, selenate and fish oil affected the concentration of fatty acids, tocopherols, cholesterol and aldehydes in the brains of lambs

“…As a consequence, the FO diet decreased values of the concentration ratios of SFAs to the sum of PUFAs ( PUFAs) and the sum of LPUFAs ( LPUFAs) in the brain compared with the RO diet. The present results documented that the diet enriched in FO reduced the brain concentration of C14:0, which is considered to be 4 times more atherogenic than the other SFAs (like C12:0 or C16:0) (Pikul et al, 2008). The FO diet can prevent atherosclerosis (i.e.…”

“…As expected, our study indicated that the FO diet also decreased index A SFA and index T SFA as well as the concentration ratios of A SFA and T SFA to n-3PUFA in the brain compared with the RO diet ( Table 3). The A SFA / n-3PUFA and T SFA / n-3PUFA ratios are the relationship between A SFA and T SFA as well as n-3PUFAs; n-3PUFAs play of critical roles in preventing atherosclerosis and thrombosis (Pikul et al, 2008;Garaffo et al, 2011). Thus, current study and other investigations (Pikul et al, 2008;Garaffo et al, 2011) indicated that, in contrast to the RO diet, the FO diet (rich in n-3LPUFA) reduced the risk of the pathological changes in cerebral vessels (i.e.…”

“…A better evaluation of the functional effects of dietary supplements on atherosclerosis and thrombosis may be given by the indexes of atherogenicity ( index A SFA ) and thrombogenicity ( index T SFA ) (Pikul et al, 2008;Morán et al, 2013). These indexes were calculated using concentrations of A SFA and T SFA as well as n-3PUFAs, n-6PUFAs and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) ( Table 3); index A SFA is defined as the relationship between the pro-atherogenic SFAs (A SFA ) and anti-atherogenic FAs (MUFAs, n-6PUFAs and n-3PUFAs).…”

“…index T SFA is defined as the relationship between the prothrombogenetic SFAs (T SFA ), the anti-thrombogenetic fatty acids (MUFAs, n-6PUFAs and n-3PUFAs) and the ratio of n3PUFAs to n-6PUFAs; a high n-6PUFAs over n-3PUFA ratio is thrombogenic (Pikul et al, 2008;Garaffo et al, 2011). As expected, our study indicated that the FO diet also decreased index A SFA and index T SFA as well as the concentration ratios of A SFA and T SFA to n-3PUFA in the brain compared with the RO diet ( Table 3).…”

The effect of supplementation with gold of pleasure (<i>Camelina sativa</i>) cake on the fatty acid profile of ewe milk and yoghurt produced from it

“…The beneficial effect of the bioactive components contained in milk and its products on consumer health is well documented (Myers, 2007). The level of bioactive components in raw milk, especially fatty acids, is determined, among others, by the animal species, diet and stage of lactation Pikul et al, 2008;Markiewicz-Kęszycka et al, 2014). Sheep milk has a greater nutritional value than cow, or even goat milk.…”