Fast microwave heating-based one-step synthesis of DNA and RNA modified gold nanoparticles

Abstract

DNA/RNA-gold nanoparticle (DNA/RNA-AuNP) nanoprobes have been widely employed for nanobiotechnology applications. Here, we discover that both thiolated and non-thiolated DNA/RNA can be efficiently attached to AuNPs to achieve high-stable spherical nucleic acid (SNA) within minutes under a domestic microwave (MW)-assisted heating-dry circumstance. Further studies show that for non-thiolated DNA/RNA the conjugation is poly (T/U) tag dependent. Spectroscopy, test strip hybridization, and loading counting experiments indicate that low-affinity poly (T/U) tag mediates the formation of a standing-up conformation, which is distributed in the outer layer of SNA structure. In further application studies, CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA (136 bp), SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment (1278 bp), and rolling circle amplification (RCA) DNA products (over 1000 bp) can be successfully attached on AuNPs, which overcomes the routine methods in long-chain nucleic acid-AuNP conjugation, exhibiting great promise in biosensing and nucleic acids delivery applications. Current heating-dry strategy has improved traditional DNA/RNA-AuNP conjugation methods in simplicity, rapidity, cost, and universality.

DNA‐Engineered Hydrogels with Light‐Adaptive Plasmonic Responses

“…[76] For DNA2-AuNR, the 14 nt thiol strand contains three adenine bases with high affinity to gold. [74] The high coverage of anchor DNA is in line with the observation that short DNA strands lead to high coverage with an extended conformation. [76] Finally, with respect to DNA3-AuNR, the 30 nt thiol strand is expected to have an extended conformation, however, the entropic costs associated with long strands can result in lower coverage.…”

“…In the case of DNA1-AuNR, the anchor strand is a 16 nt thiol strand containing thymine bases that has low affinity to gold. [73][74][75] Such a strand can be expected to be in an extended rod-like molecular configuration with a low coverage of DNA. [76] For DNA2-AuNR, the 14 nt thiol strand contains three adenine bases with high affinity to gold.…”

A DNA walker triggered isothermal amplification method based on freezing construction of AuNP probes and its application in ricin detection

“…11,12 However, this reported strategy requires a salt aging process due to the precise stepwise addition of NaCl, which is extremely time-consuming, and we cannot precisely control the orientation and conformation of the DNA attached to the AuNP surface. 13 Thus, researchers have recently exploited a freezing method to connect AuNPs and DNA quickly. Freezing can stretch DNA, and DNA can be readily adsorbed onto various nanomaterials, leading to more stable conjugates.…”

DNA-mediated assembly of a gold-nanoparticle film with controllable sonic behavior detected by novel electric-induced ultrasound

“…19,20 Zhou's group discovered that non-thiolated DNA can also be efficiently attached to GNPs to achieve high-stability spherical nucleic acid within minutes under a domestic microwave-assisted heating-dry circumstance. 21 Further, the nano-topographically patterns can also be readily controlled by altering the size and shape of gold nanoparticles. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence that substrates with various nano-topographically patterns and sonic behaviors could affect focal adhesion formation, cytoskeleton organization and the cellular expansion of biological cells, resulting in variations in their differentiation direction, such as osteogenic, chondrogenic or adipogenic.…”