Family-wide expression characterization of Arabidopsis beta-carbonic anhydrase genes using qRT-PCR and Promoter::GUS fusions

Wang, Meng; Zhang, Qiong; Liu, Fang‐Chun; Xie, Wei-Fa; Wang, Guangdong; Wang, Jun; Gao, Qinghua; Ke, Danxia

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.10.020

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This GUS expression pattern for bCA2 coincides with the leaf CA activity levels reported in pea (Pisum sativum; and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris; Porter and Grodzinski, 1984) and also fits with the observed EST abundance in TAIR microarray data (Schmid et al, 2005;Winter et al, 2007;Ferreira et al, 2008) as well as RNAseq data (Table I). Our results are in contrast to those of Wang et al (2014), who observed little or no GUS staining in the leaf with their bCA2 promoter. However, they used a sequence upstream of the first exon of the TAIR gene model, and our data and the EST data indicate that the first exon in the TAIR model is transcribed at a very low level, if at all.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…2C). This expression pattern is consistent with bCA1 being the most abundant CA in the leaf and is in agreement with the bCA1 expression pattern observed by Wang et al (2014). pbCA2::GUS and pbCA4.1::GUS plants also showed GUS expression in their rosettes (Fig.…”

Section: Bca2 and Bca4 Are Expressed In Leavessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, we were unable to find a bCA4.1 promoter sequence that showed expression only in leaves (data not shown). Other studies have found multiple transcripts of bCA4 (Aubry et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014), but, to our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the different bCA4 transcripts encode proteins with different destinations in the cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In addition, Hu et al (2010) presented evidence showing high expression of bCA2 and bCA4 in mesophyll cells, whereas bCA3 had very low expression in mesophyll cells, while Wang et al (2014) reported very low bCA3 expression in leaves with promoter::GUS studies. Since the other CAs that show significant expression are either in the chloroplast (Fett and Coleman, 1994;Villarejo et al, 2005;Fabre et al, 2007;Burén et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2015) or mitochondria (Fabre et al, 2007;Jiang et al, 2014), we conclude that bCA2 and bCA4 are the most abundant CA isoforms in the cytoplasm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While these promoters were chosen because they displayed GUS expression, it is possible that other promoter variants could give different expression results. As a positive control, an 805-bp region directly upstream of the bCA1 ATG start site, similar to the promoter region used by Wang et al (2014), was inserted into the GUS vector to produce the construct pbCA1::GUS. Three-week-old Arabidopsis plants expressing pbCA1::GUS showed strong GUS expression in the rosette (Fig.…”

Section: Bca2 and Bca4 Are Expressed In Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO₂

et al. 2016

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Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc metalloenzymes that interconvert CO 2 and HCO 3 2 . In plants, both a-and b-type CAs are present. We hypothesize that cytoplasmic bCAs are required to modulate inorganic carbon forms needed in leaf cells for carbonrequiring reactions such as photosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis. In this report, we present evidence that bCA2 and bCA4 are the two most abundant cytoplasmic CAs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Previously, bCA4 was reported to be localized to the plasma membrane, but here, we show that two forms of bCA4 are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and that the two proteins encoded by bCA4 localize to two different regions of the cell. Comparing transfer DNA knockout lines with wild-type plants, there was no reduction in the growth rates of the single mutants, bca2 and bca4. However, the growth rate of the double mutant, bca2bca4, was reduced significantly when grown at 200 mL L 21 CO 2 . The reduction in growth of the double mutant was not linked to a reduction in photosynthetic rate. The amino acid content of leaves from the double mutant showed marked reduction in aspartate when compared with the wild type and the single mutants. This suggests the cytoplasmic CAs play an important but not previously appreciated role in amino acid biosynthesis.Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of CO 2 and HCO 3 2 . Flowering plants possess members of the aCA, bCA, and gCA families. While all three CA families contain zinc, they clearly have evolved independently (Hewett-Emmett and Tashian, 1996). Most aCAs are monomeric, although there are notable exceptions (Whittington et al., 2001;Hilvo et al., 2008;Suzuki et al., 2010Suzuki et al., , 2011Cuesta-Seijo et al., 2011). The aCA active site contains a single zinc molecule coordinated by three His residues and a water molecule (Liljas et al., 1972). bCAs also contain a zinc active site, although the coordinating molecules are two Cys residues, a His, and a water molecule (Bracey et al., 1994). The active unit of the bCA is a dimer where the active site is located at the interface of the two monomers (Kimber and Pai, 2000). In contrast, gCAs are trimers that have their active site zinc ion situated at the interface of two subunits coordinated by His residues from both subunits (Kisker et al., 1996;Iverson et al., 2000).In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), there are three gCA proteins and two g-like proteins that interact to form an extra structure of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (Perales et al., 2004;Sunderhaus et al., 2006). Although not active in vitro, gCA has been shown to bind inorganic carbon (Martin et al., 2009), affect complex I levels, plant growth, and gas-exchange rates when deleted (Perales et al., 2004;Soto et al., 2015), and cause plant sterility when ectopically overexpressed ). Arabidopsis has eight aCA genes, but only aCA1, aCA2, and aCA3 appear to be expressed in leaf tissue. aCA1 has been reported to be localized to the c...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Bca2 and Bca4 Are Expressed In Leavessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Bca2 and Bca4 Are Expressed In Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO₂

et al. 2016

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Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 function in atmospheric CO2-modulated disease resistance

Zhou

Vroegop-Vos

Dijken

et al. 2020

Planta

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Main conclusion Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 attenuate plant immunity and can contribute to altered disease resistance levels in response to changing atmospheric CO 2 conditions. Abstract β-Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play an important role in CO 2 metabolism and plant development, but have also been implicated in plant immunity. Here we show that the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and application of the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) flg22 repress CA1 and CA4 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the CA double-mutant ca1ca4, we provide evidence that CA1 and CA4 play an attenuating role in pathogen-and flg22triggered immune responses. In line with this, ca1ca4 plants exhibited enhanced resistance against P. syringae, which was accompanied by an increased expression of the defense-related genes FRK1 and ICS1. Under low atmospheric CO 2 conditions (150 ppm), when CA activity is typically low, the levels of CA1 transcription and resistance to P. syringae in wild-type Col-0 were similar to those observed in ca1ca4. However, under ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) atmospheric CO 2 conditions, CA1 transcription was enhanced and resistance to P. syringae reduced. Together, these results suggest that CA1 and CA4 attenuate plant immunity and that differential CA gene expression in response to changing atmospheric CO 2 conditions contribute to altered disease resistance levels. Keywords Arabidopsis • CO 2 metabolism • Defense signaling • Plant immunity • Pseudomonas syringae Abbreviations CA Carbonic anhydrase ET Ethylene JA Jasmonic acid MAMP Microbe-associated molecular pattern Pst Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Psm Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola 4326 PTI Pattern-triggered immunity SA Salicylic acid Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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Functional redundancy and divergence of β-carbonic anhydrases in Physcomitrella patens

Chen

Wang

Dong

et al. 2020

Planta

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Family-wide expression characterization of Arabidopsis beta-carbonic anhydrase genes using qRT-PCR and Promoter::GUS fusions

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO₂

The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO₂

Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 function in atmospheric CO2-modulated disease resistance

Functional redundancy and divergence of β-carbonic anhydrases in Physcomitrella patens

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Family-wide expression characterization of Arabidopsis beta-carbonic anhydrase genes using qRT-PCR and Promoter::GUS fusions

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO2

The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO2

Carbonic anhydrases CA1 and CA4 function in atmospheric CO2-modulated disease resistance

Functional redundancy and divergence of β-carbonic anhydrases in Physcomitrella patens

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The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO₂

The Cytoplasmic Carbonic Anhydrases βCA2 and βCA4 Are Required for Optimal Plant Growth at Low CO₂