Family structure and function among heroin addicts ; a case control study

Abstract

Background:It seems that the family of heroin addicts carry certain characteristics which constitute the base for the indulgence in psychosocial deterioration . Objectives : To clarify the elements constituting family structure and family function in heroin addicts and to compare it with that of non addict group . Methodology : A sample of 80 heroin dependents diagnosed according to DSM IV TR was studied and compared to a control (non addict) group composed of 20 persons . Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire.Results:parental separation/divorce was higher in the group of addicts compared to control group. Comparing the main caring person among the two groups revealed the following : father (11.3% : 0%), mother (8.8% : 35%), both parents (33.8% : 60%), Addicts were moved to grandparents in 6.3% of cases (0% in non addicts), to other relatives in 11.3% of cases (0% in non addicts), and to others (non relatives) in 7.5% of cases (5% in non addicts), which reflects the unstability and change of caring persons for addict . Positive family history for substance abuse was higher in the group of addicts compared to non addicts. Negative feelings towards father and mother were more predominant in heroin addicts' group and also perception of negative attitude from parents.Conclusion:The family of heroin addict involves a lot of deformities and dysfunctions which need to be considered and highlighted in all therapeutic programs designed for such patients .

Opioid Abuse as Maladaptive Coping to Life Stressors in U.S. Adults

“…In the other cause–effect direction, opioid abuse has been documented to produce disorders of the central nervous system (Swegle & Logemann, 2006; Vella-Brincat & Macleod, 2007), hormonal disruption (Abs et al, 2000), and slowed respiration that can lead to death (Banta-Green et al, 2017; Levy et al, 2012). For many U.S. adults, opioid use begins with physician-prescribed medication to cope with chronic pain (Brady, McCauley, & Back, 2016; Tunnell, 2005), but some adults may continue to use drugs to cope with other life stressors such as financial problems (Jonas, Young, Oser, Leukefeld, & Havens, 2012; Lagos, Hogan, & Raghuram, 2010; Nagelhout et al, 2017; Tunnell, 2005), work stressors (Frone, 2008), parental divorce and other family problems (Elmahdy, Elsayed, Eesa, Elgamal, & Soliman, 2008; Zimić & Jukić, 2012), as well as intimate partner aggression (Carson, Sullivan, Cochran, & Lersch, 2008; El-Bassel, Gilbert, Wu, Go, & Hill, 2005; Moore et al, 2008).…”