“…In the other cause–effect direction, opioid abuse has been documented to produce disorders of the central nervous system (Swegle & Logemann, 2006; Vella-Brincat & Macleod, 2007), hormonal disruption (Abs et al, 2000), and slowed respiration that can lead to death (Banta-Green et al, 2017; Levy et al, 2012). For many U.S. adults, opioid use begins with physician-prescribed medication to cope with chronic pain (Brady, McCauley, & Back, 2016; Tunnell, 2005), but some adults may continue to use drugs to cope with other life stressors such as financial problems (Jonas, Young, Oser, Leukefeld, & Havens, 2012; Lagos, Hogan, & Raghuram, 2010; Nagelhout et al, 2017; Tunnell, 2005), work stressors (Frone, 2008), parental divorce and other family problems (Elmahdy, Elsayed, Eesa, Elgamal, & Soliman, 2008; Zimić & Jukić, 2012), as well as intimate partner aggression (Carson, Sullivan, Cochran, & Lersch, 2008; El-Bassel, Gilbert, Wu, Go, & Hill, 2005; Moore et al, 2008).…”