A nationwide study was carried out comprising 50,877 persons aged 18-66, who were registered in 2003 in the Danish Psychiatric Register or in the National Patient Register with a psychiatric ICD-10 diagnosis. Of the population 87.1% were ethnic Danes, 7.8% migrants, 4.0% off-springs with one Danish born parent, 0.7% off-springs with both parents born outside Denmark and 0.3% adoptees. Males comprised 49% women 51% of the population. The 5 ethnic groups had significant differences in utilization of care, diagnostic distribution and use of coercion. Women had a higher contact rates in all groups apart from migrants. The contact rate among persons of Middle Eastern background was relatively low. Patients with a non-Danish background were more frequently nonvoluntarily admitted and had significantly more frequently contact with services due to a forensic measures. Substance abuse was higher among men in all ethnic groups. Contacts due to schizophrenia were higher among non-Danish patients and highest among young offspring males. Self-mutilating behaviour was seen more frequently among female off-springs from non-Western countries than among migrant women from non-Western countries. The paper will analyse selected significant differences among the ethnic groups. appropriate and diagnostic uncertainty. GPs need to be adequately informed about EIP & their important role to achieve this. References McGlashan TH: Recovery style from mental illness and long-term outcome.
Knowledge of immunity enables us to predict that the reactions set in response to infection with helminth would prevent concomitant disease driven by an opposing spectrum of immune events. In another way, the immune response generated to combat the helminth infection could counteract the immunopathological reactions that drive autoimmune diseases. Rodent model systems recapitulate many aspects of human autoimmune diseases and have been enormously useful in defining mechanisms of immunopathology after infection. From this theoretical perspective, many researchers have proved that infection with a variety of helminth can ameliorate disease in murine model systems. Thus, helminth-evoked Th2 events were shown to improve disorders in which Th1 events predominated. This raised the question, 'Can this information be translated into therapies for autoimmune diseases in humans via actual infection, cell delivery or drug intervention?' In this review, we will present some experimental trails to treat autoimmune disorders through establishment of some parasitic infections.
Over the past few decades there has been a growing interest in first-episode psychosis (FEP), help-seeking behaviour and pathways to care. Treating psychotic disorders in their earliest stages has become a key focus for research and clinical care (Yung & McGorry, 2007). FEP studies show that the average time between onset of symptoms and first effective treatment is often 1 year or more (McGlashan, 1987). This long duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is undesirable. Early treatment helps minimise the risk of the serious consequences of untreated psychosis, in terms of changes in mental state and behaviour (Larsen et al, 1998; Wyatt et al, 1998) and can reduce suffering (Ho et al, 2003). Some early results suggested that an ‘early intervention in psychosis’ (EIP) service is more cost-effective than generic services (Mihalopoulos et al, 1999).
Background:It seems that the family of heroin addicts carry certain characteristics which constitute the base for the indulgence in psychosocial deterioration . Objectives : To clarify the elements constituting family structure and family function in heroin addicts and to compare it with that of non addict group . Methodology : A sample of 80 heroin dependents diagnosed according to DSM IV TR was studied and compared to a control (non addict) group composed of 20 persons . Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire.Results:parental separation/divorce was higher in the group of addicts compared to control group. Comparing the main caring person among the two groups revealed the following : father (11.3% : 0%), mother (8.8% : 35%), both parents (33.8% : 60%), Addicts were moved to grandparents in 6.3% of cases (0% in non addicts), to other relatives in 11.3% of cases (0% in non addicts), and to others (non relatives) in 7.5% of cases (5% in non addicts), which reflects the unstability and change of caring persons for addict . Positive family history for substance abuse was higher in the group of addicts compared to non addicts. Negative feelings towards father and mother were more predominant in heroin addicts' group and also perception of negative attitude from parents.Conclusion:The family of heroin addict involves a lot of deformities and dysfunctions which need to be considered and highlighted in all therapeutic programs designed for such patients .
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