Family livestock waste: An ignored pollutant resource of antibiotic resistance genes

Gu, Yanru; Shen, Suhung; Han, Bin; Tian, Xueli; Yang, Fengxia; Zhang, Keqiang

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110567

Cited by 55 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Tetracyclines are a family of antibiotics widely used in veterinary medicine and animal production; compared to other antibiotics used in livestock farming, they are applied in greater amounts and tend to persist in the environment for longer periods [ 55 ]. Tetracycline use and resistance have been reported in other rural environments with animal production activity [ 26 , 56 , 57 ]. Children’s drinking water samples also displayed resistance to ampicillin, which is the most common antibiotic used in the area for treating childhood illnesses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Hartinger

Medina-Pizzali

Salmón-Mulanovich

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMIC) where the threat has not been fully identified. Our study aims to describe E. coli AMR in rural communities to expand our knowledge on AMR bacterial contamination. Specifically, we aim to identify and describe potential dissemination routes of AMR-carrying bacteria in humans (children’s stools), community water sources (reservoirs and household sources), household environments (yard soil) and domestic animals of subsistence farmers in rural Andean areas. Our cross-sectional study was conducted in rural households in the region of Cajamarca, Peru. A total of 266 samples were collected. Thirty-four point six percent of reservoir water and 45% of household water source samples were positive for thermotolerant coliforms. Of the reservoir water samples, 92.8% were positive for E. coli, and 30.8% displayed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance to tetracycline. E. coli was found in 57.1% of the household water sources, 18.6% of these isolates were multidrug-resistant, and displayed the highest resistance to tetracycline (31.3%). Among samples from the children’s drinking water source, 32.5% were positive for thermotolerant coliforms, and 57.1% of them were E. coli. One third of E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (41.6%) and ampicillin (25%). Thermotolerant coliforms were found in all the soil samples, 43.3% of the isolates were positive for E. coli, 34.3% of the E. coli isolates displayed AMR to at least one antibiotic, and displayed the highest AMR to tetracycline (25.7%). We determined thermotolerant coliforms in 97.5% of the child feces samples; 45.3% of them were E. coli, 15.9% displayed multidrug resistance, and displayed the highest resistance to ampicillin (34.1%). We identified thermotolerant coliforms in 67.5% of the animal feces samples. Of those, 38.7% were E. coli, and 37.7% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. For all the samples, the prevalence of resistance to at least one antibiotic in the E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates was almost 43% and the prevalence of MDR in the same isolates was nearly 9%, yet the latter nearly doubled (15.9%) in children’s stools. Our results provide preliminary evidence for critical pathways and the interconnectedness of animal, human and environmental transmission but molecular analysis is needed to track dissemination routes properly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Hartinger

Medina-Pizzali

Salmón-Mulanovich

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Unfortunately, the land fertilization of livestock manure may introduce ARGs and pathogenic bacteria to farmland soil 14 – 16 , groundwater and surface water in the surrounding environment 17 , 18 . Our previous work had showed that manure fertilization increased ARGs abundance in farmland soil 19 . Thus returning animal manure to the farmland as a fertilizer represents a potential route of animal-diverted ARGs entering into environment 20 – 23 , although most ARGs may originate from the environment 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Swine liquid manure: a hotspot of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes

Yang

Han

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The overuse or abuse of antibiotics as veterinary medicine and growth promoters accelerates antibiotic resistance, creating a serious threat to public health in the world. Swine liquid manure as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has received much attention, but little information is known regarding the occurrence, persistence and fate of ARGs-associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in swine farms, especially their change patterns and removal in full-scale piggery wastewater treatment systems (PWWTSs). In this study, we searched the presence and distribution of MGEs and associated ARGs in swine farms, and addressed their fate and seasonal variation in full-scale PWWTSs by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our results revealed class 1 integrons, class 2 integrons and conjugative plasmids were prevalent in pig feces and piggery wastewater. A clear pattern of these MGE levels in swine liquid manure was also observed, i.e., intI1 > intI2 > traA (p < 0.01), and their absolute abundances in winter were all higher than that in summer with 0.07–2.23 logs. Notably, MGEs and ARGs prevailed through various treatment units of PWWTSs, and considerable levels of them were present in the treated effluent discharged from swine farms (up to 101–107 copies/mL for MGEs and 103–108 copies/mL for ARGs). There were significant correlations between most ARG abundance and MGE levels (p < 0.05), such as tetQ and traA (r = 0.775), sul1 and intI1 (r = 0.847), qnrS and inI2 (r = 0.859), suggesting the potential of ARGs—horizontal transfer. Thus the high prevalence and enrichment of MGEs and ARGs occurred in pig feces and piggery wastewater, also implicating that swine liquid manure could be a hotspot for horizontal transfer of ARGs.

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“…All such questions are still unclear. It was reported that family mode farms are the common mode that can’t be ignored for rural area in China ( Gu et al., 2020 ; Cai et al., 2020 ). This kind of farms usually had small animal numbers (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of farms usually had small animal numbers (e.g. <500 pigs), but occupied a high percentage (58.2%) of the total farm numbers in the Chinese rural area ( Gu et al., 2020 ; Veeck and Shaohua, 2000 ). Moreover, such large number of family livestock farms usually scattered all over the rural area, which brought misery to the waste collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analysis of occurrence, density and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics: Focused on family livestock farms in Erhai Lake basin, Yunnan, China

Zhi

Shen

Zhou³

et al. 2020

Environmental Pollution

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Antibiotic pollution from family animal farms is often neglected, but the waste from these farms usually caused more harm to the surroundings because arbitrary discharge without effective disposal. The pollution status and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics on 33 family animal farms in Dali city, Erhai Lake basin of China, were firstly delivered. The results showed that antibiotic contamination was prevalent in different environmental mediums (feed, manure, wastewater and soil) on these family farms. Manure had highest antibiotic levels among all the environmental mediums. Tetracyclines (TCs) usually had higher concentrations (ND-404.95 mg/kg) than the other classes, among which chlorotetracycline (CTC) was the dominant type. Among different animal species, target 13 pig farms had the highest antibiotic concentrations, the most total types and unique types of antibiotics, which were followed by target 11 chicken farms then target 9 cattle farms. The antibiotic densities of animal waste were calculated by per animal, which showed that pig waste presented high density; and family chicken farms were characterized by quinolone antibiotics (QAs) and macrolide antibiotics (MAs) pollution. For the antibiotic ecological risks in effluent water, oxytetracycline (OTC), CTC, ofloxacin (OFL), enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX2) exhibited much more toxic effects on algae. OTC and doxycycline (DXC) posed high risk for invertebrate; while no antibiotic caused high ecological risk for fish. Some antibiotics were quantitatively detected in the soil but no antibiotic posed obvious ecological risks on soils. However, the interaction of synergistic or antagonistic effects between different antibiotics should be brought to the forefront. This study gave some information of antibiotic pollution on family livestock farms, which indicated that animal waste from family farms was indeed an important pollution source of antibiotics for the environment.

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Family livestock waste: An ignored pollutant resource of antibiotic resistance genes

Cited by 55 publications

References 47 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Antimicrobial Resistance in Humans, Animals, Water and Household Environs in Rural Andean Peru: Exploring Dissemination Pathways through the One Health Lens

Swine liquid manure: a hotspot of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes

Systematic analysis of occurrence, density and ecological risks of 45 veterinary antibiotics: Focused on family livestock farms in Erhai Lake basin, Yunnan, China

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