Family Burden of Schizophrenia in Pasung During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Introduction: The long-term care in schizophrenia patients can cause care burdens, which will relate to the family's decision to do pasung. The perceived burden will be even heavier because of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to identify the family care burden affecting pasung in schizophrenic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by searching four databases, namely ProQuest, Science Direct, and EBSCO, and Google Scholar in the past ten years. This study uses the PRISMA 2009 protocol in filtering articles from the database. Researchers summarize based on the significance value for quantitative research, based on themes’ qualitative research, and discussed factors mentioned which may influence the family. Thus, we obtained 15 articles for final review. Results: The results obtained that the subjective burden felt by the family is a feeling of worry and sadness due to the patient's aggressive behavior and the safety of the patient, family, and environment. The objective burdens most felt by families are financial burdens, both medical costs, transportation to reach mental health services, and the cost of daily living. The COVID-19 pandemic will affect both types of care burdens, thereby affecting the quality of care for families with schizophrenia patients in pasung. Conclusion: Schizophrenia patients are one of the populations that are vulnerable to COVID-19. Nurse plays a role in the ability to overcome the burden of schizophrenia care and improve adaptation to the current pandemic to create optimal mental health in the community.

Pasung: A qualitative study of shackling family members with mental illness in Indonesia

“…In the same vein, research indicates that stigma emerges from particular forms of understanding in the community, which tend to endorse beliefs about people with mental illness—for example, as dangerous, and that they should remain inside to avoid causing trouble (Hall et al, 2019; Ilmy et al, 2020b). Not only are they viewed as dangerous, but they are also often seen as lacking capacity, and bullied or subjected to other forms of violence in the process (Hall et al, 2019).…”

“…Moreover, family members have limited knowledge and understanding of mental illness, which can also be the case among community leaders (Laila et al, 2018;Subu et al, 2021). In this context, they try to manage the double burden of coping with often aggressive and destructive behaviours while trying to ensure the safety of the whole family and wider community (Ilmy et al, 2020b).…”

Stigma Masyarakat Suku Banjar Terhadap Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa Berat Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

“…Kondisi ini berpontensi mempengaruhi orang-orang yang menyandang penyakit tertentu seperti ODGJ. Pandemi Covid-19 dapat dengan mudah menimbulkan rasa takut dan respon-respon lainnya di masyarakat, sehingga memiliki potensi menciptakan stigma sosial atau memperburuk stigma negatif terkait keberadaan ODGJ yang sudah ada (Ilmy, Noorhamdani, & Windarwati, 2020).…”

Psykisk helsearbeid under ulike kulturelle betingelser: refleksjoner rundt empatiens funksjon i arbeidet med å beskytte menneskerettighetene. Belyst med et eksempel fra Indonesia

“…Det oppleves derfor viktig å ikke avsløre familiens aib (Prastyani, 2019). Stigma er vanlig i Indonesia og er i denne sammenheng relatert til en tro på at mennesker med psykososiale vansker er farlige, og at de bør forbli innestengt for å ikke forårsake problemer i samfunnet (Ilmy et al, 2020). Ikke bare blir de sett på som farlige, men også som noen med manglende kapasitet.…”