Família e proteção ao uso de tabaco, álcool e drogas em adolescentes, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde dos Escolares

Abstract

This study evaluates the relation between the use of tobacco, alcoholic beverages and illicit drugs and family protective factors. Data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed in a sample of 60,973 students at the freshman year of high school, from public and private schools of Brazilian state capitals. Most adolescents lived with both their parents and about a third lived in households only with their mothers. Half the parents or responsible parties are aware of what adolescents do in their free time. Living with both parents is a protective factor for smoking, drinking, and drug use. Family supervision is also important for the prevention of such behavior. Sharing a meal with parents or responsible parties most days of the week and the fact that the parents know what the adolescents have done in their free time in the past 30 days are also protective factors. Students that miss classes without telling their parents have higher chances of using tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. The family plays an essential role to prevent tobacco, alcohol, and drug use, and to promote health among teenagers. Keywords

Psychoactive substance use, family context and mental health among Brazilian adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

“…These practices influence the risk behavior during adolescence, such as the use of alcohol and other drugs 10 , besides the sexual risk behavior 21 . All of the three risk behaviors were associated with little supervision and little support from the parents, which is in accordance with other studies about family context 2,8,[22][23][24] . The most significant indicator for little parental supervision was the habit of missing classes without consent.…”

“…Psychoactive substances, such as tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, can increase the occurrence of accidents and types of violence, mood disorders, mental diseases, impaired psychosocial development, unintended pregnancy, exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, mortality, among others [1][2][3] . Besides, it is an important predictor of use and dependency during adulthood 4 .…”

“…Besides, many adolescents experiment substances out of curiosity, encouragement from friends and in order to challenge laws and authorities 3,7 . The causes leading adolescents to getting involved with substances are extremely complex, and studies have been pointing out that these risks are reduced at the presence of families that play their protective role, therefore monitoring and supporting the adolescents [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . The support from parents, communication between parents and children and parental supervision are examples of the protective effect concerning these behaviors 2,[8][9][10] .…”

“…Knowing these factors is important for preventive approaches, and also for the reduction or elimination of risks. The role of the family to prevent risk behaviors among teenagers has been emphasized, as well as the strengthening of family connections, going through parental supervision, support and communication between parents and children 2,8,11,12 . The family aggregates a set of values, beliefs, knowledge and practices that can influence other practices, which promote health among their members or, on the contrary, increase the vulnerability of members for the diseases 13 .…”

Estilos parentais como fator de proteção ao consumo de tabaco entre adolescentes brasileiros

“…It is a system of meaningful relationships, in which individuals become interdependent 1,2,3 . Family characteristics are associated with protective or risky behavior in the use of substances by teenagers, including tobacco 4,5 . A study identified that between 80 and 90% of tobacco users started to use the substance during adolescence, and some two thirds became regular smokers before turning 19 years 6 .…”