OBJECTIVE:To describe situations of domestic violence committed by perpetrators under the influence of alcohol in the largest Brazilian cities. METHODS:A household survey was carried out in the 108 Brazilian cities with more than 200,000 inhabitants in 2005. A multistage probabilistic self-weighted sample stratified in terms of conglomerate units was performed in three selection stages: census tracts, households, and respondents (population between 12 and 65 years old). The instrument to collect the data was the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, with questions on sociodemographics and psychotropic drug abuse.. RESULTS:The survey encompassed 7,939 households. In 33.5% of them there were reports of domestic violence, 17.1% out of which involving intoxicated perpetrators. The most frequently reported types of violence associated with the use of alcohol were: arguments among the people in the household (81,8%), loud arguments not aimed at a specific person (70.9%), threats of assault (39.5%), and breaking households objects (38.7%). The respondents also reported physical assault (27.8%), physical assault with weapon (5.5%), and sexual abuse (3.2%). More than half of perpetrators lived in the household and 88.8% were male. Most of the victims were female (63.9%); 33.9% were wives and 18.2% were children. In terms of recidivism, 14.1% of the cases lasted for a period between 1 and 5 years, and in 14.3% they lasted for over a decade. Most of the victims (86%) and perpetrators (77.9%) did not look for the help of either the health services or the police. CONCLUSIONS:In addition to the considerable number of Brazilian households with a history of violence involving intoxicated abusers, this kind of abuse has many specific characteristics. The low rate for the search for help at the health services/police stations point to the importance of actively identifying cases of domestic violence.
Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre o uso de tabaco (no mês e frequente) com os estilos parentais e o comportamento de fumar dos pais, em uma amostra de estudantes do Ensino Médio. Foram avaliados 17.246 estudantes do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e privadas das 27 capitais brasileiras. A prevalência do uso de tabaco na vida foi de 25,2%, 15,3% no ano, 8,6% no mês, e 3,2% para uso frequente. Em relação aos estilos parentais, 39,2% dos pais foram classificados como negligentes, 33,3% autoritativos, 15,6% como indulgentes e 11,9% autoritários. Comparados a estudantes com pais autoritativos, filhos de pais negligentes ou indulgentes tiveram maior chance de relatar o uso no último mês ou frequente de tabaco. Observou-se uma associação entre o estilo parental e uso de cigarros por estudantes do Ensino Médio. O estilo parental autoritativo foi associado à proteção ao uso de tabaco no mês e frequente entre os adolescentes.
ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os padrões intergeracionais de violência familiar associada ao abuso de álcool (VAA). Foi composta uma amostra intencional por critérios, até a saturação teórica, com 42 familiares com histórico intergeracional de VAA, com os quais foi elaborado um genograma por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas, individuais e anônimas. A análise de conteúdo indicou diferentes padrões de repetição intergeracional de VAA, sendo mais frequentes as recorrências em linha direta de parentesco (pai/fi lho) e por meio de casamento. Ao longo das gerações de cada família, foram observadas similaridades em relação ao padrão de consumo de álcool, tipo de violência, reação da família e etapas do ciclo vital familiar de intensifi cação da VAA. Os resultados confi rmam a reprodução intergeracional de VAA. Concluiu-se a importância de estratégias de intervenção para prevenir a repetição intergeracional dessa associação de comportamentos. Palavras-chave: Abuso de álcool, violência familiar, genograma, repetição intergeracional. AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze intergenerational patterns of alcohol related violence (ARV). An intentional sample comprising 42 family members was selected according to a set of criteria, including history of ARV. A genogram based on anonymous semi-structured taped interviews was created. The Content Analysis pointed to different patterns of repetition of intergenerational ARV. The most recurrent ones were those of lineal consanguinity (father/son) and through marriage. We observed similarities over the generations of each family as regards the pattern of alcohol consumption; the type of violence; the family reaction and the family life cycle in which ARV was intensifi ed. Our results confi rm the intergenerational reproduction of ARV. In conclusion, it is important to create intervention strategies to prevent intergenerational repetition of this association of behaviors.
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