Failures in power-combining arrays

Abstract

A QO power divider were fabricated practically and the S-parameter was measured at 37.5GHz using a Millimeter wave vector network analyzer (37369C, Anritsu). The measured transmission coefficients between all output ports and input port are shown in Figure 11. The insertion loss variation of different output ports was less than 62.1 dB and the relative phase variation less than 9. Total output power was achieved by adding up the power of all out ports to be 80.8% of the input power at the designed working frequency, which is well agreed with the simulated value of 88.7%. CONCLUSIONSA general method of designing QO power divider was proposed in this article. And applying this method, a 1 Â 18 QO power divider was designed successfully. The measured results of the divider were consistent with that of simulation, and the ratio of the total output power to the input power was 80.8%. So feasibility of holography QO power-combining was verified and validity of method of designing was also confirmed by the experiment.Divider to split input power into further more outputs directly can be designed using this method. And this method can be used to solve the heat-sinking problem at higher frequencies even at submillimeter wave band because of no degradation of dividing efficiency resulted by enlarging spacing between neighbor output ports. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors will thank to Southwest Institute of Electronic Technology for financial support of this research. ABSTRACT: An on-board uniplanar printed mobile handset antenna with a small size of 15 Â 30 mm 2 for 8-band long term evolution/wireless wide area network (LTE/WWAN) (698-960/1710-2690 MHz) operation is presented. The antenna is a spiral monopole coupled with a long parasitic shorted strip. The spiral monopole has a length of 78 mm (about 0.25 wavelength at 950 MHz), while the shorted strip capacitively excited by the spiral monopole has a length of 125 mm (close to 0.25 wavelength at 700 MHz). The spiral monopole is encircled by the shorted strip so that the antenna has a compact configuration to fit in a small no-ground portion at the corner of the bottom edge of the main circuit board in the mobile handset. In addition, the antenna is closely integrated with the system ground plane on the main circuit board and is spaced by a small distance of 0.5 mm to the nearby system ground plane. This leads to compact integration of the on-board LTE/WWAN printed antenna on the main circuit board of the mobile handset. Results of the proposed antenna including its specific absorption rate and hearing aid compatibility behavior are presented and discussed. The antenna is about the smallest for the on-board all-printing LTE/WWAN handset antennas that have been reported for the present. [20,21] or the lens of the embedded digital camera [22][23][24] on the main circuit board and limits the compact integration of the LTE/WWAN antenna inside the mobile handset.In this article, we present an on-board printed internal mobile handset antenna for eight-band LTE/WWAN operation with ...

Spatial power combining for high-power transmitters

“…A maximum power of 150 W CW was measured at 8 GHz, at 8 V bias and total bias current of approximately 60 A. The measured graceful degradation characteristics for a similar 24-MMIC (six-tray) configuration is shown in Figure 6(b), along with the ideal trend that would be anticipated from power considerations alone [4]. The high power levels and broadband performance, along with the superb graceful degradation characteristics, make this topology an attractive alternative to low-power vacuumtube sources such as MPMs [27].…”

“…In addition, an extensive modeling and diagnostic capability has been developed, providing new tools to analyze design problems, to understand the basic physics of these highly coupled nonlinear circuits, and to transfer the knowledge to the general microwave design community in a usable manner. Predictive theoretical models of the stability [2], efficiency, and noise [3] in grid arrays and of the failure modes [4] and noise [5] in general spatial combining arrays have been formulated. With such complex interactions possible in these complicated electromagnetic structures densely packed with nonlinear devices and circuits, modeling has been a major factor in successful design and analysis.…”

A Wideband 77-GHz, 17.5-dBm Fully Integrated Power Amplifier in Silicon

“…In this case, the output power degradation due to individual device failure will be graceful [35]. In a low-yield compound III-V process, there is a chance that one of the transistor cells in the power-combining network will fail to operate properly.…”

Spatial Microwave Power Combining With Anisotropic Metamaterials

“…Thus the gain of the array is enhanced and a larger combined power density is achieved on the target. Compared to the holography power combining strategy presented in [10][11][12][13][14], there is no correspondence between the transmission units' positions and the lens in our scheme, which makes it more convenient to manipulate. Furthermore, a metamaterial lens is much easier to design and manufacture than holography lenses.…”

“…A variety of power combining schemes have been described in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Some groups obtained higher power by coherently summing power from several identical input channels in circuitcombining structures [1][2][3].…”