Fæðuval og næring kvenna á meðgöngu með tilliti til líkamsþyngdar

Gunnarsdóttir, Ingibjörg; Tryggvadóttir, Ellen Alma; Birgisdóttir, Bryndís Eva; Halldórsson, Thorhallur I.; Medek, Helga; Geirsson, Reynir Tómas

doi:10.17992/lbl.2016.09.95

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The intake of protein and fat in the diet slightly exceeded the recommendations. Similar results were obtained in studies by Gunnarsdottir et al [ 31 ]. It was also observed that the intake of complex carbohydrates was below the recommended level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Kocyłowski

Lewicka

Grzesiak

et al. 2018

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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PurposeTo evaluate the dietary intake of pregnant women and their nutritional status of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu, as the nutritional status of pregnant women is an important factor for the proper progression of a pregnancy and the development and health of the foetus.MethodsThe study was conducted on 108 pregnant women ages 18–42, at 6–32 weeks of gestation. We used a questionnaire and a 24-h recall nutrition interview. Hair samples were taken for testing and the level of each mineral was assessed using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results were analysed using the Dietetyk and Statistica 10 software.ResultsLow levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid intake were seen in the pregnant women, with the use of dietary supplements significantly increasing their intake of Fe, Zn, and folic acid. The concentration of zinc and magnesium in the women’s hair was shown to be affected by their age and, in the case of magnesium, by the week of pregnancy.ConclusionsIt was observed that the diet of pregnant women is characterised by low levels of Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, vitamin D, and folic acid. Dietary supplementation with vitamins and minerals significantly increases the daily Fe and folic acid intake in pregnant women. The concentration of Zn and Mg in hair depends on the age of pregnant women and Mg level in the hair of women decreases during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Kocyłowski

Lewicka

Grzesiak

et al. 2018

Arch Gynecol Obstet

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“…Action needs to be taken on public health level to attend to the matter. Despite Iceland's historically high iodine consumption, decreased fish and dairy consumption among women of reproductive age have been a concern (9,11,19). In 2009, the UIC of pregnant women in the capital region in Iceland (n = 162) was in accordance with WHO recommendations with a median value of 180 µg/L (9), compared to the median UIC of 89 µg/L in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Insufficient iodine status was observed for the first time in an Icelandic population, most likely related to a decline in fish and dairy intake. The reasons for the decrease in fish and dairy intake in Iceland (11,12,16) remain unknown. However, it could be speculated that public discussion on suggested negative health effects of dairy consumption and increased awareness of environmental aspects might have contributed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the sample size was not large enough to assess the possible risk of iodine deficiency in groups consuming less fish and dairy. A more recent study on iodine intake among 183 pregnant women (at 20 weeks gestation) in Reykjavík from 2012 found that 25% of the participants had suboptimal iodine intake (11), and results from 2015 to 2016 suggest that the intake of important dietary sources of iodine has continued to decrease (12). Given the trends seen with decreased fish and dairy consumption of the pregnant population in Iceland, it is pivotal to monitor their iodine status to avoid adverse, nonreversible health effects on fetal development (4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as a consequence of dietary changes

Adalsteinsdottir¹,

Tryggvadóttir²,

Hrolfsdottir³

et al. 2020

Food & Nutrition Research

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Background: Historically, Iceland has been an iodine-sufficient nation due to notably high fish and milk consumption. Recent data suggest that the intake of these important dietary sources of iodine has decreased considerably. Objective: To evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women in Iceland and to determine dietary factors associated with risk for deficiency. Methods: Subjects were women (n = 983; 73% of the eligible sample) attending their first ultrasound appointment in gestational weeks 11-14 in the period October 2017-March 2018. Spot urine samples were collected for assessment of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and creatinine. The ratio of iodine to creatinine (I/Cr) was calculated. Median UIC was compared with the optimal range of 150-249 µg/L defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which provided information on main dietary sources of iodine in the population studied (dairy and fish). Results: The median UIC (95% confidence interval (CI)) and I/Cr of the study population was 89 µg/L (42, 141) and 100 (94, 108) µg/g, respectively. UIC increased with higher frequency of dairy intake, ranging from median UIC of 55 (35, 79) µg/L for women consuming dairy products <1 time per week to 124 (98, 151) µg/L in the group consuming dairy >2 times per day (P for trend <0.001). A small group of women reporting complete avoidance of fish (n = 18) had UIC of 50 (21, 123) µg/L and significantly lower I/Cr compared with those who did not report avoidance of fish (58 (34, 134) µg/g vs. 100 (94, 108) µg/g, P = 0.041). Women taking supplements containing iodine (n = 34, 3.5%) had significantly higher UIC compared with those who did not take supplements (141 (77, 263) µg/L vs. 87 (82, 94), P = 0.037). Conclusion: For the first time, insufficient iodine status is being observed in an Icelandic population. There is an urgent need for a public health action aiming at improving iodine status of women of childbearing age in Iceland.

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“…The data gathered with the frequency questions were transformed into predefined 13 dietary risk factors for inadequate diet (see Figure 1). These factors are based on the Nordic (Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, 2014) and Icelandic dietary recommendations (Embaetti landlaeknis, 2016), as well as evidence on the association between diet, nutrient intake, and the health of the mother and child (Englund-Ogge et al, 2012;Gunnarsdottir et al, 2016;Hrolfsdottir et al, 2016;Olafsdottir, Skuladottir, Thorsdottir, Hauksson, & Steingrimsdottir, 2006;Olsen et al, 2007;Renault et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2017). Stepwise backward elimination (logistic regression) was used to identify the best combination of these factors for predicting excessive GWG.…”

Section: The Dietary Risk Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a dietary screening questionnaire to predict excessive weight gain in pregnancy

Hrolfsdottir

Halldórsson

Birgisdóttir

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including macrosomia. Diet is one of the few modifiable risk factors identified. However, most dietary assessment methods are impractical for use in maternal care. This study evaluated whether a short dietary screening questionnaire could be used as a predictor of excessive GWG in a cohort of Icelandic women. The dietary data were collected in gestational weeks 11-14, using a 40-item food frequency screening questionnaire. The dietary data were transformed into 13 predefined dietary risk factors for an inadequate diet. Stepwise backward elimination was used to identify a reduced set of factors that best predicted excessive GWG. This set of variables was then used to calculate a combined dietary risk score (range 0-5). Information regarding outcomes, GWG (n = 1,326) and birth weight (n = 1,651), was extracted from maternal hospital records. In total, 36% had excessive GWG (Icelandic criteria), and 5% of infants were macrosomic (≥4,500 g). A high dietary risk score (characterized by a nonvaried diet, nonadequate frequency of consumption of fruits/vegetables, dairy, and whole grain intake, and excessive intake of sugar/artificially sweetened beverages and dairy) was associated with a higher risk of excessive GWG. Women with a high (≥4) versus low (≤2) risk score had higher risk of excessive GWG (relative risk = 1.23, 95% confi- Tian et al., 2016). Excessive GWG is also the primaryThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Fæðuval og næring kvenna á meðgöngu með tilliti til líkamsþyngdar

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Assessment of dietary intake and mineral status in pregnant women

Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as a consequence of dietary changes

Development of a dietary screening questionnaire to predict excessive weight gain in pregnancy

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