Faecal calprotectin: a new marker for Crohn's disease?

Wassell, Julie; Dolwani, Sunil; Metzner, Magdalena; Losty, H.; Hawthorne, A. B.

doi:10.1258/000456304323019613

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…At days 3 and 6 on Salmonella infection, expression of the general inflammatory mediators Cox2, iNOS and Sod2, Pap3, Lcn, and calprotectin (S100A8 and S100A9) was strongly increased. Calprotectin, Pap 3, and Lcn are all highly expressed in the chronically inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and in animal models of this disease (6,12,23,33,58). Obviously, generic mechanisms are involved in acute inflammation due to Salmonella infection and chronic inflammation in IBD despite different pathologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression response of the rat small intestine following oral Salmonella infection

Rodenburg

Bovee‐Oudenhoven

Kramer

et al. 2007

Physiological Genomics

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Data on the molecular response of the intestine to the food-borne pathogen Salmonella are derived from in vitro studies, whereas in vivo data are lacking. We performed an oral S. enteritidis infection study in Wistar rats to obtain insight in the in vivo response in time. Expression profiles of ileal mucosa (IM) and Peyer's patches (PP) were generated using DNA microarrays at days 1, 3, and 6 postinfection. An overview of Salmonella-regulated processes was obtained and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR on pooled and individual samples. Salmonella-induced gene expression responses in vivo are fewer and smaller than observed in vitro, and the response develops over a longer period of time. Few effects are seen at day 1 and mainly occur in IM, suggesting the mucosa as the primary site of invasion. Later, a bigger response is observed, especially in PP. Decreased expression of anti-microbial peptides genes (in IM at day 1) suggests inhibition of this process by Salmonella. Newly identified target processes are carbohydrate transport (increased expression in IM at day 1) and phase I and phase II detoxification (decreased expression at days 3 and 6). Increase of cytokine and chemokine expression occurs at later time points, both in PP and IM. Pancreatitis-associated protein, lipocalin 2, and calprotectin, potential inflammatory marker proteins, showed induced expression from day 3 onward. We conclude that the in vivo gene expression response of the ileum to Salmonella differs to a large extent from the response seen in vitro.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression response of the rat small intestine following oral Salmonella infection

Rodenburg

Bovee‐Oudenhoven

Kramer

et al. 2007

Physiological Genomics

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“…Quantification of either fecal calprotectin [236] or lactoferrin [128] are surrogates for the presence of fecal leukocytes [137,237]. As discussed above, the presence of the serological markers anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody and an antibody to the outer core membrane of E. coli (OmpC) have high specificity for Crohn's disease and the addition of an RNA-derived immunologically associated bacterial sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens (I2 peptide) improves the sensitivity and specificity of the serological studies for Crohn's disease [137,237].…”

Section: Laboratory Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Stenson

Hanauer

Cohen

2008

Textbook of Gastroenterology

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In the US, H. pylori vacA shows allelic variation in the signal sequence (which may be type sla, slb or s2) and the mid-region (type ml or m2). Previous PCR-based vacA mid-region typing classified most, but not all, Asian and South American strains tested as ml or m2. We now sought to investigate vacA mid-region diversity further.MotlmodL We studied 13 Japanese, 6 Chinese, 9 Thai, and 8 Peruvian H. pylori isolates. cagA was identified by colony hybridisation (CH), vacA signal sequence was typed by PCR, and vacA mid-region was typed proximally by CH and distally by PCR. Sections of the vacA mid-region from 8 strains were PCR-amplified, sequenced, and compared with known sequences from 8 other strains.Rcuts Of the 36 Asian and South American strains studied, 35 were cagA+ (the cagA-was Peruvian) and 35 were vacA sla (1 cagA + Peruvian was slb). vacA mid-regions from the 13 Japanese strains were not PCR-amplified by ml or m2-specific primers, but hybridised weakly with an ml probe. Sequence analysis of vacA from 1 Japanese strain revealed 91% nucleotide identity with the ml probe but only 71% identity with the m2 probe. The previously equivocal Thai and Peruvian strains also had ml-like mid-region sequences. A Chinese strain was ml in the proximal mid-region and m2 distally, showing a clear crossover site. Final mid-region types were: Japanese, all 13 ml; Chinese, 1 ml, 1 ml/m2, 4 m2; Thai, 3 ml, 6 m2; Peruvian 4 ml, 4 m2. Distal mid-region sequences of 16 strains, compared over 294 bp, clustered into 2 groups, ml and m2. Nucleotide identity between ml and m2 strains ranged from 73-78%. Within groups, m2 strains were less diverse than ml strains (m2 range 94-99.7%, ml 88-99.3%, p<0.001). Sequence analysis of 7 ml and 3 m2 strains over 1.1kb proximally showed maintenance of clustering outside the 294bp region C duions These Asian and South American strains are similar in terms of cagA status and vacA sla genotype, but fall into 2 vacA midregion groups. ml sequences are more diverse than m2, and thus may be phylogenetically older. The vacA sequence of 1 Chinese strain suggests recombination in vivo between ml and m2 alleles. Introduction: H.pylori antimicrobial susceptibility is an important determinant ofthe efficacy of eradication therapies'. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance varies within the UK and may increase given the increased use of eradication therapy. This multicentre study assesses the prevalence and possible associations ofH.pylon antimicrobial resistance. Methods: H.pylon was isolated from antral biopsies of patients undergoing routine endoscopy and cultured according to standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using "E-tests" or disc tests (tinidazole only) with breakpoints defined by previous studies. Results: H.pyloni was isolated from 32% (1222/3823) of patients and antimicrobial susceptibility determined in 90% (1077/1222) Previous case-control studies of IBD have used hospital or community derived controls. There are obvious inherent biases in both metho...

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“…Bangladesh J Med Microbiol Volume 8: Number 1 January, 2014 Discussion: An important step in the primary assessment of IBD patient is measurement of bowel inflammation as it defines the extent and severity of involvement at the beginning of treatment and during monitoring to target medical therapies and manage IBD related complications 15 . An inflammatory mediator directly released into the gut lumen from the inflammatory process might be an ideal test to detect bowel inflammation in IBD 16 . In recent studies, FC has been supposed to be a specific, sensitive, non-invasive, cheap and reliable marker for assessing intestinal inflammation 17 .The FC is stable in room temperature for at least 7 days makes it more suitable for routine clinical studies 8 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal calprotectin: A reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease

Barua

Nahar²,

Sarker

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J Med Microbiol

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Faecal calprotectin (FC) is supposed to be a reliable biomarker that quantifies intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This cross sectional study was aimed to determine the role of FC level in screening of suspected IBD patients and monitoring treatment response. This study was conducted by measurement of FC using a commercially available ELISA kit among 50 patients with chronic diarrhea who underwent colonoscopic evaluation (25 IBD cases, 10 other organic bowel diseases and 15 disease control) and 12 healthy control. IBD patients were followed up after one month of medical treatment. FC level showed significantly higher value (p<0.001) among IBD patients (496.7±127.15µg/g) than those in disease control (82.17±75.64µg/g) and healthy control (27±18.2µg/g). Measurement of FC in diagnosing IBD revealed the sensitivity 100%, specificity 66%, PPV 83% and NPV 100%. The FC level decreased significantly (p<0.001) after one month of medical treatment of IBD patients (90±43µg/g) from pre treatment value (607.56±94µg/g). FC can be used as a reliable biomarker in screening of suspected IBD patients and to monitor treatment response.

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Faecal calprotectin: a new marker for Crohn's disease?

Cited by 41 publications

References 7 publications

Gene expression response of the rat small intestine following oral Salmonella infection

Gene expression response of the rat small intestine following oral Salmonella infection

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Faecal calprotectin: A reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in inflammatory bowel disease

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