Facts and considerations about sex-specific antigens

Wiberg, Ulf H.

doi:10.1007/bf00283605

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Several endogenous retroviruses have been reported previously to be expressed in the placenta (Kato et al, 1987;Lyden et al, 1994;Rabson et al, 1985). It is noteworthy that if an endogenous retrovirus that is present only on the Y chromosome is expressed and translated to a functional peptide, such a peptide would represent an HY-antigen (Wiberg, 1987) by definition. It is also well known that females, after giving birth to several male offspring, have antibodies ;4( that react with male cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous retroviruses

1993

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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A novel endogenous retrovirus (ERV) designated XA34 was isolated from a human glioma cDNA library using low stringency hybridization with an ERV-9 env probe. Southern blot hybridizations with human genomic DNA revealed the presence of approximately 16 genomic copies closely related to XA34. Sequencing of a 2303 bp cDNA clone of XA34 showed that it belongs to a new ERV family. The XA34 ERV has recombined with an ERV-9-1ike retrovirus resulting in a truncated ERV-9-1ike env region that ends with an Alul-like 3' LTR. By using PCR, we isolated ~ 940 bp polfragments from three additional members of this family, XA35, XA36 and XA37. A fifth member, XA38, was isolated and sequenced as a 4729bp genomic clone. The genomic XA38 clone spans from pol towards the 3' flanking region. The XA38 virus contains a more cryptic env region. The XA38 env is truncated in the transmembrane region and the virus then ends with three Alu repeats. Southern blot studies with human, chimpanzee, orangutan and squirrel monkey DNA show the presence of the XA34 family in all these species. That both the New and Old World monkeys have this ERV family means that the integration and/or amplification in the primate germ-line of XA34 probably took place about 40-45 million years ago. The phylogeny and the closest relatives to ERV XA34 are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous retroviruses

1993

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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“…In general, H Y antigens detected by transplantation experiments and by in vitro cytotoxic T cell assays are considered as being the same (Simpson et al 1986). The results of these two assays do not always agree with the binding results of anti-H-Y antibodies (Melvold et al 1977;Silvers et al 1982;Wiberg 1987). Therefore, the existence of two types of H-Y antigen, "transplantation H-Y antigen" and "serological H-Y antigen", respectively, has been proposed, (terminology according to Miiller and Latterman 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…on X0 and sex-reversed individuals, it has been revealed that the structural genes for both the transplantation H-Y antigen and the serological HY antigen map to other chromosomal regions than the testis-determining gene (reviewed by Wachtel 1980;Silvers et al 1982;Wiberg 1987). Therefore, already in the early eighties, it was clear that if H-Y antigen does have a function in testis development in mammals, it will not be at the very beginning, but at a later stage of gonad differentiation (Silvers et al 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daudi supernatant, unlike other H-Y antigen sources, exerts a sex-reversing effect on embryonic chick gonad differentiation

Hendriksen¹,

Drews

Frankenhuis³

et al. 1994

Anat Embryol

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In vitro cultures of intact chick gonads (organ cultures) and reaggregation cultures of dispersed gonad cells (roller cultures) were made. Gonads or gonad cells from 7-day-old chick embryos, at the stage when sex-specific differentiation begins, were cultured in the presence of presumed H-Y antigen-containing supernatants, or co-cultured in the presence of H-Y antigen-producing cell lines. The H-Y antigen-producing cells tested were of human, mouse, bovine and chicken origin. During organ culture, addition of supernatant of the human lymphoma cell line Daudi, or co-culture with Daudi cells, stimulated a clear proliferation of the germinal epithelium in male gonads, indicating feminization. A similar effect was obtained by treatment with estradiol. In reaggregation culture, the increase in nuclear size of germ cells was chosen as a parameter for feminization. A significant increase of germ cell nuclear size was observed in gonads cultured in the presence of Daudi supernatant. In both organ cultures and reaggregation cultures, other tested H-Y antigen sources and semi-purified H-Y antigen fractions did not exert significant effects on differentiation of the gonads or on the average area of the germ cell nuclei. These findings suggest that it is not H-Y antigen, but another protein produced by Daudi cells, that might be responsible for the sex-reversing effects.

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“…The sex-specific (Sxs) antigen, also called serologically detectable male (SDM) antigen and, until recently, most commonly known as H-Y antigen [17], occurs on nucleated cells of the heterogametic sex (i.e., in mammals on male cells), apparently closely associated with the MHC-complex [ 151. The antigen, which has been conserved to a remarkable extent throughout evolution [16], seems responsible for the formation of human testes, and, apart from a few cases with abnormalities in sexual differentiation (such as some cases of 46,XY/45 ,X mosaicism), individuals with testicular tissue have always been recorded as Sxs-antigen positive…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Level of Sex-Specific Antigen (H-Y Antigen) on Lymphocytes in Some Patients with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

Fedder

Hansen

Hjort

1989

Archives of Andrology

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Sex-specific (Sxs) antigen on the surface of nucleated cells from normal human males seems to be essential for the formation of testes. The relative quantity of the antigen on lymphocytes was evaluated by absorption experiments in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test or in an ELISA technique using antisera against Sxs antigen produced by immunization of female rats. Lymphocytes from 13 normal males were Sxs-antigen positive, and cells from 12 normal females were characterized as Sxs-antigen negative. However, in the testing of lymphocytes from nine boys with bilateral cryptorchidism, only six revealed a normal male absorption pattern, whereas the antigen level on cells from three boys, all of them with normal karyotype, was reduced compared with the normal male level. No correlation between Sxs-antigen level and testosterone response after treatment with hCG could be demonstrated.

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Facts and considerations about sex-specific antigens

Cited by 27 publications

References 70 publications

Endogenous retroviruses

Endogenous retroviruses

Daudi supernatant, unlike other H-Y antigen sources, exerts a sex-reversing effect on embryonic chick gonad differentiation

Reduced Level of Sex-Specific Antigen (H-Y Antigen) on Lymphocytes in Some Patients with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

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