Factors That Optimize Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Herds with an Emphasis on Timed Artificial Insemination Programs

Abstract

Reproductive efficiency is closely tied to the profitability of dairy herds, and therefore successful dairy operations seek to achieve high 21-day pregnancy rates in order to reduce the calving interval and days in milk of the herd. There are various factors that impact reproductive performance, including the specific reproductive management program, body condition score loss and nutritional management, genetics of the cows, and the cow comfort provided by the facilities and management programs. To achieve high 21-day pregnancy rates, the service rate and pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) should be increased. Currently, there are adjustments in timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols and use of presynchronization programs that can increase P/AI, even to the point that fertility is higher with some TAI programs as compared with AI after standing estrus. Implementation of a systematic reproductive management program that utilizes efficient TAI programs with optimized management strategies can produce high reproductive indexes combined with healthy cows having high milk production termed “the high fertility cycle”. The scientific results that underlie these concepts are presented in this manuscript along with how these ideas can be practically implemented to improve reproductive efficiency on commercial dairy operations.

Estradiol Priming Potentiates the Kisspeptin-Induced Release of LH in Ovariectomized Cows

“…Other hormones that directly influence the maturation and ovulation of ovarian follicles are human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) [ 7 ] and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) [ 8 ]. All of these hormones are used singularly and in different combinations, as summarized in several reviews [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. More recently, kisspeptin (KISS1) has been added to hormones that can be used to stimulate the release of LH in cattle [ 13 ].…”

Veterinary and hygienic methods of directed reproduction in formation of healthy herds of cows

“…With these indicators, only 45% (with a single insemination) of fruitfully inseminated cows bring calves. With this in mind, the percentage of steeliness recorded three months after a single insemination, reaching 55%, is considered a good indicator [5].…”

Retirada De Corpo Estranho (Dispositivo Impregnado Com Progesterona) Da Cavidade Abdominal De Novilha Da Raça Jersey – Relato De Caso

“…A base para realização da IATF é uso de protocolos farmacológicos para o controle do ciclo estral, que em muitos casos tem início com o uso de um dispositivo impregnado com progesterona, que deve ser inserido no fundo vaginal e que quando associado com a aplicação de benzoato de estradiol, consegue induzir uma emergência de onda folicular de forma sincronizada (COLAZO et al, 2004;CONSENTINI et al, 2021). Existe uma variação nos protocolos com relação ao tempo em que o dispositivo deve permanecer liberando progesterona, contudo, após alguns dias o implante deve ser removido, para que os animais entrem em estro e tenham a ovulação de forma também sincronizada (MACMILLAN et al, 2020;BONATO et al, 2021).…”