The aim of this work is to determine the productive longevity of Holstein cows of different breedings. The results of the research showed that Finnish animals were superior in life expectancy and productive longevity, exceeding German breeding cows by 74 days (P<0.05) and Hungarian cows by 24 days, and by 0.06 and 0.12 lactations in the productive period respectively. At the same time, according to the level of average productivity per lactation and lifelong milk yield, the highest rates were established for the group of Hungarian cows. So, their average milk yield per lactation was higher: compared to other groups by 529.2 kg and 561.8 kg or 7.6 % and 8.1%; lifelong milk yield by 1305.5 kg and 996 kg (5.6 % and 4.2%); per one day of calving interval - by 0.64 kg and 0.8 kg (3.6 % and 4.6%) and per one day of life - by 0.56 kg and 0.60 kg or by 3.2 % and 5.6%. In the context of the group of cows of the German and Finnish breeding, no significant differences were noted by these indicators. The duration of pregnancy in experimental cows ranged from 285-289 days. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the cellular protection indicators of Holstein cows are within the physiological norm. So, phagocytic activity, which expresses the percentage of active leukocytes participating in phagocytosis to the total number of counted neutrophilic leukocytes, is higher in animals of the German breeding compared with Hungarian animals - by 13.2% and with Finnish ones - by 13.4%. The phagocytic index is defined by the average number of phagocytosed microorganisms per active leukocyte and characterizes the intensity of phago-cytosis. In our experiment, the intensity of phagocytosis was higher in the German cows and amounted to 8.42, which exceeds this indicator by 11.4% compared with animals of the Hungarian breeding and by 3.3% compared to the Finnish animals.
This research aims to realize the adaptive and productive capacity of calves with immunotropic agents PS-6 and Prevention-N-E. The object of the research was black-and-white calves, which were transferred to individual pens a day after birth and kept there until 30 days of age, then in open-air pavilions until they reached 180 days of age, that is, they were reared using adaptive technology. According to the principle of analogs, 45 calves of 1 day age were selected, were divided into 3 groups: control, 1st experimental, and 2nd experimental. To increase resistance to the pressure of environmental factors and realize the bioresource potential of the adaptive and productive traits of the organism, the calves of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups were injected intramuscularly immunotropic preparations PS-6 and Prevention-N-E respectively, at a dose of 3 ml per animal on the 2nd-3rd and 7-9th days of life. The animals of the control group were not exposed to immunoprophylaxis. The morphological blood profile of calves was studied against the background of the application of biological products. Thus, intramuscular injection of immunotropic agents PS-6 and Prevention-N-E into calves had a positive effect on the morphological blood composition. The number of erythrocytes in the blood of calves of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups at the age of 30 days was significantly higher than the control values by 5.4 and 6.4%, respectively (P<0.01). The concentration of hemoglobin was significantly higher in the blood of the calves of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, starting from 30 days of age, by 6.3-11.7% and 6.7-14.4%, respectively. White blood counts in the blood of animals of different groups did not have a statistically significant difference. Consequently, the use of immunotropic drugs PS-6 and Prevention-N-E in calves activates the erythrocyte lineage of hematopoiesis, without significantly affecting leukopoiesis. The results of periodic weighing of calves showed that at the age of 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 360, and 540 days, the live weight of young animals with the injection of the immunotropic agents PS-6 was significantly higher than the control values by 2.6, 3.4, 5.0, 6.2, 7.0, 9.4 and 12.2 kg (P<0.05-0.01), and with the application of Prevention-N- E - by 3.6, 4.8, 6.6, 8.0, 9.0, 12.2 and 16.4 kg, respectively (P<0.05-0.001).
The article describes the results of comparative studies on the influence of new immunostimulants on the course of postnatal recovery of the cows under conditions of intensive milk production technology. Injections of PS-2 (group 1) and Prevention-N-E (group 2) at a dose of 10 ml forty, twenty and ten days before calving, and a injection of PDE at a dose of 20 ml with E-Selenium of 10 ml (group 3) twenty days before calving prevent the occurrence of obstetric and gynecological pathology, improve reproductive qualities, as compared to the control group, where no biologicals were injected. This fact impacts the acceleration of the first heat onset by 13.7-21.1 days, the conception rate by 0.5-0.7 times, the service period by 16-29.9 days. A positive effect of the tested agents on metabolic processes, morphological and biochemical blood parameters, nonspecific immunological reactivity of the organism was also established. All these factors led to an increase in milk productivity for 305 days of lactation by 186-478 kg, at the same time, milk quality indicators improved correspondingly. Thus, biological preparations PS-2 and Prevention-N-E are highly effective means of preventing obstetric and gynecological pathology.
For accelerated repair of herd and increase of number of highly productive cows in large farms for milk production one uses sexed seed at the first and the second insemination of first-born cows obtained from highly productive mothers. According to scientific data, the efficiency obtained from using this technique is 65-95 % of individuals of the desired sex. The highest results of the fruitfulness of insemination with a sexed seed in SEC PZ Almaty, IP Karimov and Kakpatas Kordai were obtained in the autumn-winter period and ranged from 58.1 to 65.2 %, with an insemination index of 1.58-1.72. When using the technology of artificial insemination of calves with a sexed seed, in comparison with a seed not divided by sex, the economic efficiency, taking into account the costs of insemination, amounted to 10040.2 thousand tenge. When using a sexed seed, an average of 92 % of calves were obtained from primates. Less insemination costs, the profit from calf produc-tion amounted to 76109.2 thousand tenge.
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