“…Presbyphagia in combination with frailty may also result in dyspbagia (Rofes et al, 2010). Dyspbagia in frail elders is found to be associated with pneumonia (van der Maarel-Wierink, Vanobbergen, Bronkborst, Scbols, & de Baat, 2011), decreased survival status (Cabre et al, 2010), and reduced quality of life (Miura, Yamasaki, Morizaki, Moriya, & Sumi, 2010). From the National Hospital Discbarge Survey in the United States, dysphagia is found to be associated with about 41% increase in median Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) in all age groups (Altman, Yu, & Scbaefer, 2010).…”