Factors influencing chloride-binding in concrete

Arya, Chanakya; Buenfeld, N.R.; Newman, John B.

doi:10.1016/0008-8846(90)90083-a

Cited by 304 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the Nernst-Einstein equation, the behaviors of chloride ions in a non-steady state condition are represented considering diffusion of free chloride ions, convection due to moisture pressure, and kinetic reaction with cement hydrates. In the system, free and bound chloride ions are calculated separately and the total chloride ions are considered as their summation based on isotherm equations [40][41][42]. Recently, the models using the Nernst-Einstein equation adopted behaviors such as porosity and saturation, which vary with time and local conditions, in early-aged concrete.…”

Section: Durability Design Based On the Deterministic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends of Durability Design and Government Support in South Korea: Chloride Attack

Kwon

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:Concrete is considered to be a construction material with high durability and excellent fire resistance. However, degradation occurs, leading to structural safety problems and expensive maintenance costs. Currently, durability design and its concepts are provided in the concrete specifications and structural design codes in many countries, but they vary in terms of the design methodologies and users' demands. Reinforced concrete (RC) structures based on a reasonable durability design with a quantitative procedure can prevent unnecessary maintenance expenses and reduce environmental loads. This paper presents the current trends of durability design in South Korea and government support for infrastructure. In this work, the two representative durability design philosophies (deterministic and probabilistic approaches) are briefly summarized, and the current guidelines and related requirements for durability design in several countries are investigated. Durability design is now changing from simple material requirement control to performance-based design with quantitative parameters considering various exposure classifications and evaluation processes. RC structures based on reasonable durability design can make a great contribution to reducing maintenance costs and environmental effects like CO 2 emissions.

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Section: Durability Design Based On the Deterministic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends of Durability Design and Government Support in South Korea: Chloride Attack

Kwon

2017

Sustainability

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“…Admixed chlorides may be present in concrete up to 2.28% by mass of cement or even higher [8]. Research suggests that approximately 25 to 50% of total chlorides can be bound in the hydration products [9][10][11]. The free chloride content, which is responsible for corrosion initiation, may increase over time when the concrete carbonates and bound chlorides are released.…”

Section: Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of historic concrete structures

Brueckner¹,

Lambert²

2013

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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Concrete has been used as a construction material for several thousand years. The concrete as known today was only developed around 150 years ago after the technology was all but lost for a millennium after the fall of the Roman Empire. Historic concrete structures therefore generally only date back second half of the 18 th century. Structures that date further back are considered to be ancient concrete. The structures that require attention and therefore an assessment generally belong to the more recent period.Concrete can be a very durable construction material and it was initially thought that it could essentially last forever, however, this has subsequently been proven to be wrong. Concrete can deteriorate as a result of structural inadequacies and due to chemical interactions between the concrete constituents, external aggressants and the embedded steel reinforcement. The deterioration patterns vary from purely cosmetic cracking, cracks affecting the structural integrity, ineffective protection against reinforcement corrosion and loss of steel cross sectional area.This paper provides an overview of many of the different types of deterioration that can be encountered in historic concrete structures and how the cause and severity can be assessed using different investigative techniques.

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“…Elsewhere, Byfor 19 attributed the lowering of the pozzolana blended cements pore solution pH being majorly due to the dilution effect. Pozzolana -Ca(OH) 2 reaction has also been cited as a lowering factor in pore solution pH 20,21 . The results from the different mixes of CSBR -DCCR -OPC suggested that the reduction in Ca(OH) 2 would be basically from a dilution factor as the level decreased with increasing replacement levels of OPC.…”

Section: Figure 1: Pozzolanicity Test Diagram For Csbr-opcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cementing material from rice husk-broken bricks-spent bleaching earth-dried calcium carbide residue

2012

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A cementious material, coded CSBR (Carbide residue Spent bleaching earth Broken bricks and Rice husks), was made from dried calcium carbide residue (DCCR) and an incinerated mix of rice husks (RH), broken bricks (BB) and spent bleaching earth (SBE). Another material, coded SBR (Spent bleaching earth Broken bricks and Rice husk ash), was made from mixing separately incinerated RH, SBE and ground BB in the same ash ratio as in CSBR. When CSBR was inter-ground with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), it showed a continued decrease in Ca(OH) 2 in the hydrating cement as a function of curing time and replacement levels of the cement. Up to 45 % replacement of the OPC by CSBR produced a Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) material that passed the relevant Kenyan Standard. Incorporation of the CSBR in OPC reduces the resultant calcium hydroxide from hydrating Portland cement. The use of the waste materials in production of cementitious material would rid the environment of wastes and lead to production of low cost cementitious material.

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Factors influencing chloride-binding in concrete

Cited by 304 publications

References 3 publications

Current Trends of Durability Design and Government Support in South Korea: Chloride Attack

Current Trends of Durability Design and Government Support in South Korea: Chloride Attack

Assessment of historic concrete structures

Cementing material from rice husk-broken bricks-spent bleaching earth-dried calcium carbide residue

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