Factors in the victim that mediate between disaster and psychopathology: A review

Gibbs, Margaret

doi:10.1007/bf00974604

Cited by 62 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…An alternative explanation for the observed sex differences in PTSD is that male participants are more likely than female participants to exhibit posttraumatic symptoms other than PTSD. This hypothesis posits that male participants' posttraumatic reactions are different from, but not necessarily less disturbing than, those of female participants (Gibbs, 1989). In the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005), latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of psychiatric symptoms.…”

Section: Other Variables Of Potential Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research.

Tolin¹,

Foa²

2006

Psychological Bulletin

1,795

164

1,134

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Meta-analyses of studies yielding sex-specific risk of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) indicated that female participants were more likely than male participants to meet criteria for PTSD, although they were less likely to experience PTEs. Female participants were more likely than male participants to experience sexual assault and child sexual abuse, but less likely to experience accidents, nonsexual assaults, witnessing death or injury, disaster or fire, and combat or war. Among victims of specific PTEs (excluding sexual assault or abuse), female participants exhibited greater PTSD. Thus, sex differences in risk of exposure to particular types of PTE can only partially account for the differential PTSD risk in male and female participants.

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Section: Other Variables Of Potential Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A quantitative review of 25 years of research.

Tolin¹,

Foa²

2006

Psychological Bulletin

1,795

164

1,134

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The retrospective collection of data about exposure in a mental health survey may be a source of recall and reporting bias (Gibbs, 1989;Baum et al, 1993;Bromet and Dew, 1995;McNally, 1997). Reporting bias is generally stronger among those with a more negative risk perception of the event under consideration (Roht et al, 1985;Watson and Pennebaker, 1989).…”

Section: Potential Confounding By Risk Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of exposure to a flood disaster in a mental-health study

Verger

Rotily

Hunault

et al. 2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The lasting psychological consequences of disasters are an important public health issue, especially for determining the support needed by victims. One important question in evaluating psychological consequences remains the assessment of individual disaster-related experiences or stressors. This article proposes two approaches towards the construction of cumulative exposure indicators (CEIs) for a disaster and discusses their relevance for other disasters. In 1997, we carried out a cross-sectional study of the association between the severity of exposure to a 1992 flood in southeastern France and the prevalence of psychological symptoms 5 years later. We interviewed 500 randomly selected subjects residing in one of the most affected municipalities and constructed two CEIs: one based on relevant articles in the literature and the second based on the results of a principal component analysis (PCA) of all the items exploring exposure to the flood. We compared these CEIs with a map of flood damage and tested the association between these indicators and a score of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Most of the subjects (79.1%) had been exposed to at least one stressor besides physical presence. The two CEIs were significantly correlated with one another; comparisons with the map showed that both had good ability to discriminate between mild and severe exposure. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant exposure-effect relation, of the same level of magnitude and significance, between the posttraumatic stress disorder score and each CEI. Our results show the appropriateness of such indicators in assessing the effect of cumulative stress from natural disasters. Guidelines should be developed to improve the comparability of instruments and help standardize methods for evaluating cumulative stress from disasters insofar as possible. Further research is nonetheless necessary to assess the consistency and reproducibility of the data collected.

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“…et que c'est au mitan de la vie que les personnes ressentent davantage les impacts négatifs des désastres (idem). Ces quatre perspectives peuvent sembler contradictoires puisque, d'une part, les aimés qui vivent un stress supplémentaire peuvent développer plus de problèmes de santé que les adultes ; toutefois, ils [124] possèdent plus d'habiletés et d'expériences pour les aider à s'adapter aux différents stress, ce qui constitue un modérateur des effets psychologiques néga-tifs (Gibbs, 1989).…”

Section: Résumonsunclassified

“…Cependant, il a aussi été observé que les personnes disposant d'un revenu plus élevé démontraient moins d'anxiété et de dépression, mais que ce dernier n'avait pas influencé l'état de stress post-traumatique (Tobin et Ollenburger, 1996). Gibbs (1989) et Robins et al (1986 ont suggéré que les classes sociales plus défavorisées économiquement sont plus vulnérables à la souffrance psychologique en raison de leur difficulté à affronter les aspects financiers des pertes encourues lors de désastre. Les résultats de McDonnell et al (1995) abondent également dans le même sens puisque ces auteurs ont identifié les familles ayant un revenu de moins de 20 000 $, ayant de la difficulté à se nourrir, manquant d'argent pour consulter un médecin, ayant une mauvaise santé, ainsi que celles qui changeaient d'emploi ou le perdaient, comme plus susceptibles de mentionner des symptômes de détresse psychologique.…”

Section: L'éducation Et Le Revenu Retour à La Table Des Matièresunclassified

“…Mais d'un autre côté, les origines diversifiées des chercheurs et leurs définitions conceptuelles qui le sont tout autant peuvent contribuer à rendre plus confus certains résultats de recherche. Ainsi, le fait que les auteurs et les chercheurs définissent diffé-remment les désastres ou les sinistres, utilisent des méthodes de recherche ainsi que des cadres théoriques et des variables dépendantes très diversifiés provoque une certaine ambiguïté, des contradictions et des difficultés relatives à la généralisation des résultats (Gibbs, 1989 ;Warheit, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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