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A review of the research literature is provided regarding vulnerability and psychological resource characteristics of the victim that mediate between disaster and psychopathology. Common generalizations about the effect of vulnerability variables such as age, gender, and previous level of functioning are seldom supported. Coping styles appear promising predictive variables. Attitude variables deserve further attention. More complex designs are suggested to determine interaction effects between disaster and victim variables.

Male and female university students from the United States, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Ecuador, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Turkey read a standardized scenario in which a male professor was accused of sexually harassing a female graduate student. Respondents from individualist countries judged the professor to be guilty of sexual harassment more often than did those from collectivist countries. Women rendered significantly more guilty judgments and assigned more severe punishments to the accused professor than did men. Implications for the individualist-collectivist classification system and cross-cultural research are discussed.

Since stereotypes about appropriate social behavior appear to influence questionnaires and other self-reported data concerning friendship, an in-depth interview format was used to explore gender and age differences in friendship patterns. Thirty-one subjects were interviewed: five young males, six young females, five midlife males, five midlife females, five older males, and five older females. As in our previous questionnaire studies, groups described friendship in superficially similar ways. However, in the taped interviews, large gender differences appeared that followed conceptually along instrumental/expressive dimensions. Women at all ages were more expressive in their friendships, showing higher levels of empathy and altruism than men. Age differences also appeared, with men developing increased concern and thoughtfulness in friendship with greater age, and women showing more tolerance and less confrontation of their friends with greater age. 1974) through adolescence and on into adulthood and old age has received

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