Factors associated with self-medication in users of drugstores and pharmacies in Peru: an analysis of the National Survey on User Satisfaction of Health Services, ENSUSALUD 2015

Urrunaga-Pastor, Diego; Benítes-Zapata, Vicente A.; Mezones‐Holguín, Edward

doi:10.12688/f1000research.17578.1

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Second, income, pension, and health insurance are enabling factors of Andersen's behavioral model. Several studies have described that people with higher income ( 3 , 30 ) or without health insurance ( 11 , 31 ) are more likely to self-medicate. However, no significant associations between income, health insurance, and self-medication were indicated in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-medication and its typology in Chinese elderly population: A cross-sectional study

Qin

Zhao²,

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the prevalence of self-medication and its associated factors among the Chinese elderly. Also, according to whether the elderly communicate with doctors (no matter before or after self-medication), we aimed to categorize self-medication and explore the associated factors.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study. Data were derived from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). According to whether communicate with doctors or not, self-medication was reclassified as “self-medicate and NOT communicating with a doctor,” and “self-medicate and communicate with a doctor.” A binary logistic regression was used to identify which elderly were more likely to self-medicate, and a multinomial logistic regression was applied to explore the associated influencing factors of self-medication classifications.ResultsA total of 17,445 individuals aged ≥45 years were enrolled. The prevalence of self-medication was 58.60%. Self-medication was strongly associated with sex, education level, pension, self-reported general health status, chronic illness, satisfaction with local medical services, and three province-level socioeconomic welfare variables. About 19.64% of self-medication populations had communicated with a doctor. Higher education level and younger age were significantly associated with a higher probability of “self-medication and communication with a doctor.”ConclusionThe prevalence of self-medication among the Chinese elderly is increasing over the year. Health education on appropriate medication use targeting elder adults with low education levels is highly recommended. The typology of self-medication and its factors are new research entry points and could be meaningful for future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-medication and its typology in Chinese elderly population: A cross-sectional study

Qin

Zhao²,

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Self-medication was operationalized, considering the participants who bought drugs without a prescription and those who did not show the prescription at the survey time. ( 22 ) The confounding variables, according to the literature, were sex, age, educational level, language (Spanish or Quechua/other), health insurance (yes or no), type of institution (drugstore, pharmacy), and geographic region of residency (Metropolitan Lima, other areas of Coast region, Highlands, and Jungle).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study showed that the prevalence of inappropriate self-medication was 51%, and was associated with the male sex, ages >40 years, and not having health insurance. ( 22 ) As well as this research, other studies have evaluated self-medication with antibiotics and among pregnant women, even during the pandemic; ( 23 – 26 ) however, self-medication and drug consumption patterns in older adults have not been studied. Considering the demographic transition process in Peru, the proportion of older adults increased from 5.7% in 1950 to 12.7% in 2020, ( 27 ) reinforcing the interest to study this phenomenon in this growing vulnerable population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Self-Medication Practices, Use of Brand-Name, and Over-the-Counter Medicines by Peruvian Older Adults

et al. 2023

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Background Older adults are a particularly vulnerable group to drug use and self-medication. The aim of the study was to evaluate self-medication as a factor associated with the purchase of brand-name and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in older adults in Peru. Methods A secondary analysis was performed using an analytical cross-sectional design of data from a nationally representative survey from 2014 to 2016. The exposure variable was self-medication, defined as the purchase of medicines without a prescription. The dependent variables were purchases of brand-name and OTC drugs, both as a dichotomous response (yes/no). Information of sociodemographic variables, health insurance, and the types of drugs purchased by the participants was collected. Crude prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated and adjusted using generalized linear models of the Poisson family, considering the complex sample of the survey. Results In this study, 1,115 respondents were evaluated, with a mean age of 63.8 years and a male proportion of 48.2%. The prevalence of self-medication was 66.6%, while the proportions of purchases of brand-name and OTC drugs were 62.4% and 23.6%, respectively. The adjusted Poisson regression analysis revealed an association between self-medication and the purchase of brand-name drugs (adjusted PR [aPR]=1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.19). Likewise, self-medication was associated with the purchase of OTC medications (aPR=1.97; 95%CI: 1.55–2.51). Conclusions This study evidenced a high prevalence of self-medication in Peruvian older adults. Two-thirds of the surveyed people bought brand-name drugs, whereas one-quarter bought OTC drugs. Self-medication was associated with a greater likelihood of buying brand-name and OTC drugs.

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“…According to the results of studies conducted abroad, the level of self-medication of the population significantly depends on socio-economic conditions and the main factor of this phenomenon is financial restrictions, in particular, the lack of medical insurance and the high cost of medical services (Al-Ghamdi et al, 2020;Aoyama et al,, 2012 Chang and Pravin, 2003;Pagán et al, 2006;Torres et al, 2019;Urrunaga-Pastor et al, 2019). When evaluating our results, it is absolutely necessary to take into account the cultural and socio-economic differences between the studied populations, as well as the differences between the world's health systems, since these factors affect access to medical care and medicines, their use.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of parental self-medication practice in Volgograd

Крамарь

Nevinsky

Kaplunov

2021

RDLUZ

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The aim of the study is to study the prevalence, determinants, and reasons for parents using oral medications to treat their children in Volgograd (Russia). Materials and methods. An instant simultaneous cross-sectional anonymous survey of 390 mothers of children aged 1 to 14 years was conducted during October-March 2018-2019 in the city of Volgograd (Russia). Criteria for inclusion in the study: mothers of children older than 1 year. Exclusion criteria: other legal representatives of children (fathers, grandmothers, guardians, etc.); women with one child under the age of 1 year; mothers of children with chronic diseases; persons with medical education. The data obtained were analyzed using the STATISTICA-10 software package. To build models of logistic regression, the Student t-test was evaluated for independent samples (to assess the differences between the obtained data) and the χ2 criterion for the assessment of categorical differences. Results: it was found that 71.0% of mothers used the practice of self-medication of children, while its frequency depended only on the level of family income (χ2 = 7.077, p = 0.030) and did not depend on the age of the respondents (χ2 = 0.211, p = 0.976), education (χ2 = 2.626, p = 0.270), the number of children in the family (χ2 = 2.819, p = 0.421). Most often, antipyretic drugs (93.8%), decongestants (72.9%), antiallergic drugs (49.5%), enterosorbents (44.4%), immunomodulators (26.7%), antibiotics (7.9%) were used for self-medication. Using the logistic regression model, it was shown that the main determinant of self-medication in children is delayed treatment of parents for medical help (OR = 0.27, p <0.001). Conclusion. The high frequency of self-medication dictates the need for further research to understand this phenomenon.

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Factors associated with self-medication in users of drugstores and pharmacies in Peru: an analysis of the National Survey on User Satisfaction of Health Services, ENSUSALUD 2015

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Self-medication and its typology in Chinese elderly population: A cross-sectional study

Self-medication and its typology in Chinese elderly population: A cross-sectional study

Self-Medication Practices, Use of Brand-Name, and Over-the-Counter Medicines by Peruvian Older Adults

The prevalence of parental self-medication practice in Volgograd

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