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Background The association between international migration and mental health is conditioned to several factors, and discrimination may play a significant role. Currently, Peru is one of the principal Venezuelan migrant-receiving countries in Latin America. There are around one million Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the country. This study evaluates the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems in Venezuelan population living in Peru. Method We analyzed data from the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru Survey 2018, a nationally representative urban sample aimed at collecting information on several dimensions of Venezuelan population wellbeing. We applied logistic regression models to assess the association between self-perceived discrimination and mental health problems. Moreover, we applied the propensity score matching method as a robustness check of our results. Results Of 9487 Venezuelans surveyed, 6806 included complete information. From this sample, 6.3% reported mental health problems related to fear, anger, anxiety, or stress. Logistic regression models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against had 2.4 higher odds of presenting mental health problems than their non-discriminated counterparts. Moreover, propensity score matching models showed that Venezuelans who perceived being discriminated against increased by 3.5 percentage points their probability of presenting mental health problems compared to their non-discriminated counterparts. Conclusions There is evidence that self-perceived discrimination is associated with mental health deterioration in Venezuelan migrants living in Peru. Our findings are relevant in the current geopolitical context and could be useful in the decision making processes in international health.

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ObjectiveTo determine the presence of a gender gap in the scientific production among Peruvian physicians and analyze either gap is associated with the presence of observable factors or the presence of prejudices against female physicians.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Survey of User Satisfaction in Health 2016, a nationally representative survey that collected information about medical professionals working in health institutions in Peru. The outcome of interest was the number of publications in indexed journals. We estimated the gender gap in scientific production using the Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) decomposition method.ResultsFrom the 2216 physicians surveyed, 252 reported published at least one article in an indexed journal. From physicians with scientific production, 37.7% were women. The analysis of OB decomposition showed a gap of 2.11 indexed publications, disfavoring female physicians (p<0.01). Likewise, the explained component was 1.36 publications, representing 64.5% of the total gap (p<0.05).ConclusionsThere is a gender gap in the number of publications in indexed journals among Peruvian physicians. This gap is mainly explained by observable factors, such as the years of medical practice, being an accredited researcher and being a professor.

In Peru, anemia affects around 30% of children under the age of four, making it one of the major public health problems of the country. The literature suggests that water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions may reduce anemia prevalence; however, empirical evidence of this association remains scarce for the Peruvian context. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between WASH conditions and office visits due to anemia (OVA), at the regional level during the years 2010–2018. Using generalized estimating equation models (GEE), we find that the prevalence of OVA increases by 0.24/1,000 per one percentage point (PP) increase in the proportion of households with access to safe drinking water and decreases by 0.22/1,000 per one PP increase in the proportion of households with basic sanitation. Our results suggest that policymakers should not only ensure a better coverage of drinking water source but also ensure adequate quality.

In recent decades, the number of women pursuing careers in health has significantly increased. However, the physician labor market is still characterized by gender differences regarding payment. Using a nationally representative Peruvian sample of health providers (3,219 male and 1,063 female physicians), we estimated the gender gap in the likelihood of earning high wages for physicians and decomposed this gap in a proportion related to differences in individual characteristics (e.g. specialty, labor experience), and a residual proportion related to differences in returns to these characteristics. Our main results reveal that male physicians have on average an 81% higher likelihood of earning high salaries (monthly earning level > 5,000 PEN) relative to their female counterparts. Further, the main proportion of this gap is associated to the unexplained component (among 57% and 77%, according to the model specification), which may be associated to unobservable characteristics and discrimination in the Peruvian labor market.

Purpose: The study identifies the relationship between ecological identity, the influence of the social environment, gender and the level of education and to determine their influence in the ecological purchasing behavior of young adult consumers in the district of La Molina, Lima Province, Peru. Method/design/approach: The data were collected through surveys conducted with 381 younger adult residents of La Molina district using normality test measurements (K-S), followed by exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis. Results and conclusion: The GPB in younger adults in La Molina is related to green identity (p < 0.05), the influence of the social context (p < 0.05), and gender (p < 0.05). Further, gender is related to the influence of social context (p < 0.05), and educational level is related to the influence of social context (p < 0.05). Research implications: The results highlight the relationship between the demographic variables of gender and educational level and the factors of green identity, influence of the social context, and GPB. Originality/value: The variables affecting the GPB of younger adults in La Molina district are green identity, influence of the social context, and gender; further, gender is related to the influence of the social context and educational level is related to the influence of the social context.