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Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has been associated with increased mortality in patients with acute heart failure (HF) as well as in neoplastic diseases. We investigated the association between NLR and mortality or cardiac transplantation in a retrospective cohort of 527 patients presented to the Cleveland Clinic for evaluation of advanced HF therapy options between 2007 and 2010. Patients were divided according to low, intermediate, and high tertiles of NLR, and were followed longitudinally for time to all-causes mortality or heart transplantation (primary outcome). The median NLR was 3.9 (IQR 2.5, 6.5). In univariate analysis, intermediate and highest tertiles of NLR had a higher risk than the lowest tertile for the primary outcome and all-causes mortality. Compared to the lowest tertile, there was no difference in the risk of heart transplantation for intermediate and high tertiles. In multivariate analysis, when compared to the lowest tertile, the intermediate and high NLR tertiles remained significantly associated with the primary outcome (HR=1.61 [95%CI 1.10 to 2.37] and HR=1.55 [95%CI 1.02 to 2.36], respectively), and all-causes mortality (HR=1.83 [95%CI 1.07 to 3.14] and HR=2.16 [95%CI 1.21 to 3.83], respectively). In conclusion, elevated NLR is associated with increased mortality or heart transplantation risk in patients with advanced HF.

Aim: It has been suggested that chronic hyperinsulinemia from insulin resistance is involved in the etiology of endometrial cancer (EC). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether insulin resistance is associated with the risk of EC. Methods: We searched PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published from database inception through 30th September 2014. We included all observational studies evaluating components defining insulin resistance in women with and without EC. Quality of the included studies was assessed by NewcastleeOttawa scale. Randomeffects models and inverse variance method were used to meta-analyze the association between insulin resistance components and EC. Results: Twenty-five studies satisfied our inclusion criteria. Fasting insulin levels (13 studies, n Z 4088) were higher in women with EC (mean difference [MD] 33.94 pmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.04e52.85, p Z 0.0004). No differences were seen in postmenopausal versus pre-and postmenopausal subgroup analysis. Similarly, non-fasting/fasting C-peptide levels (five studies, n Z 1938) were also higher in women with EC (MD 0.14 nmol/L, 95% * Corresponding author: Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Building F, Campus Villa, Avenida Alameda de San Marcos Cuadra 2 s/n, Chorrillos, Lima 9, Peru. Tel.: þ51 1 3133333x2730.E-mail addresses: adrianhernandezdiaz@gmail.com (A.V. Hernandez), lepiscean@gmail.com (V. Pasupuleti), vbeniteszapata@gmail. com (V.A. Benites-Zapata), tpriyaleela@gmail.com (P. Thota), abhishekdp@gmail.com (A. Deshpande), faustino.perez@unizar.es (F.R. Perez-Lopez).1 Contributed equally to the study.

The current evidence fails to identify a superior regimen in terms of relative efficacy or safety for the treatment of HIV-associated cerebral toxoplasmosis. Use of TMP-SMX as preferred treatment may be consistent with the available evidence and other real-world considerations. Larger comparative studies are needed.

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Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas, clínicas, laboratoriales y de tratamiento de pacientes hospitalizados por la COVID-19 y determinar los factores de riesgo de mortalidad hospitalaria. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de pacientes adultos hospitalizados por la COVID-19. Se extrajeron datos demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriales y de tratamiento de las historias clínicas de pacientes que ingresaron al Hospital III Daniel Alcides Carrión de Tacna. Para el análisis de supervivencia se empleó el modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox y se calcularon los cocientes de riesgo instantáneos (HR) crudos y ajustados con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Se evaluó a 351 pacientes, el 74,1% eran hombres; las comorbilidades más comunes fueron obesidad (31,6%), hipertensión (27,1%) y diabetes mellitus (24,5%). La mediana de tiempo de hospitalización fue 8 días (RIC: 4-15). El 32,9% falleció durante el seguimiento. El análisis multivariado mostró un aumento del riesgo de morir asociado a la edad ≥65 años, HR = 3,55 (IC 95%: 1,70-7,40); al incremento de lactato deshidrogenasa 720 U/L, HR = 2,08 (IC 95%: 1,34-3,22); y a la saturación de oxígeno por debajo del 90%, principalmente cuando fue menor al 80%, HR = 4,07 (IC 95%: 2,10-7,88). Además, el uso de colchicina en el tratamiento tuvo un efecto protector, HR = 0,46 (IC 95%: 0,23-0,91). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo de muerte por la COVID-19 incluyeron ser mayor de 65 años, tener saturación de oxígeno menor de 90% y elevación del lactato deshidrogenasa 720 U/L; el tratamiento con colchicina podría mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. [1][2][3] On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic as a public health emergency of international interest. 4 After more than 20 000 cases and 1000 deaths in the European Region, the WHO classified the disease as a pandemic. 5 To date (14 May 2021), more than 162 million cases and 3.37 million deaths have already been reported across the world. 6 According to recent studies, the basic reproduction number (R0) is 3.38, suggesting high transmissibility. 7 Besides the significant human losses, the quarantine and social distancing have had a great impact on the global economy. 8 However, despite the implementation of these strategies, the incidence of cases has been increasing in some countries, and nowadays, some nations are experiencing a second wave.Sociodemographic and clinical factors, such as older age, male sex, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, increase the mortality rate

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