Facile synthesis of partially uncapped liposomes

Immense Insulin Intestinal Uptake and Lymphatic Transport Using Bile Acid Conjugated Partially Uncapped Liposome

“…These liposomes were prepared according to our previous report. 41 Figure 1a shows the schematic representation of IPUL-CSG. The conventional liposome (CL) was prepared without SPION, following the conventional thin film rehydration method, 46 using the same volume of DDAB and DOCA.…”

“…The partially uncapped method exhibited the SPION dispersed in the liposome, which can make magnetic shear stress consequently squeeze the liposome surface and tear it, to form open lipid bilayer holes. 41 This allows insulin to be encapsulated not only in the outside of liposomes but also in the internal space. Thus, the IPUL-CS and IPUL-CST exhibited a maximum 77% loading efficiency.…”

“…We prepared the four compositions and characterizations of liposome as Table S1. These liposomes were prepared according to our previous report Figure a shows the schematic representation of IPUL-CSG.…”

“…The IPUL showed a 1.7-fold higher loading efficiency (58%) than CL (33%) due to the partially uncapped method. The partially uncapped method exhibited the SPION dispersed in the liposome, which can make magnetic shear stress consequently squeeze the liposome surface and tear it, to form open lipid bilayer holes . This allows insulin to be encapsulated not only in the outside of liposomes but also in the internal space.…”

“…Preparation of CST Coated Insulin Loaded Partially Uncapped Liposome (IPUL-CST). As in our previous report, 41 the procedure for the preparation of insulin loaded partially uncapped liposome (IPUL) is presented in Table 1. Dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDAB), deoxycholic acid (DOCA), and 10 nm size of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) dissolved in 10 mL of chloroform.…”