Facile and scalable disposable sensor based on laser engraved graphene for electrochemical detection of glucose

Abstract

A novel and highly sensitive disposable glucose sensor strip was developed using direct laser engraved graphene (DLEG) decorated with pulse deposited copper nanocubes (CuNCs). The high reproducibility (96.8%), stability (97.4%) and low cost demonstrated by this 3-step fabrication method indicates that it could be used for high volume manufacturing of disposable glucose strips. The fabrication method also allows for a high degree of flexibility, allowing for control of the electrode size, design, and functionalization method. Additionally, the excellent selectivity and sensitivity (4,532.2 μA/mM.cm2), low detection limit (250 nM), and suitable linear range of 25 μM–4 mM, suggests that these sensors may be a great potential platform for glucose detection within the physiological range for tear, saliva, and/or sweat.

Flexible Laser-Induced Graphene for Nitrogen Sensing in Soil

“…Passivation prevented electrode short circuiting and nonspecific binding during electrochemical sensing. [25][26]34…”

“…These results are on par with previous reports that have converted sp 3 hybridized polyimide to graphitic sp 2 via laser processing. [24][25]34 Bending tests (concave) were conducted to investigate sensor flexibility and ensure proper sensor function with concave soil column tests (Figure 2c). Other than the sensors fabricated with a 50 ms laser pulse time, all sheet resistance changed by less than 20% for bending radii ≤ 30°.…”

“…9,[28][29] The utility of LIG has been displayed in numerous applications including supercapacitors, 14,22,[30][31] non-biofouling surfaces, 32 transparent heaters 33 , and more recently, electrochemical sensors. [25][26][34][35] For example, a non-enzymatic amperometric glucose sensor comprised of LIG functionalized with Cu nanocubes was used to selectively measure glucose over a wide concentration range (25 µM-4 mM), which is physiologically relevant to glucose levels in saliva, tears, and blood. 34 In another report, a LIG electrode was used to monitor electroactive small molecules, including ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry.…”

“…[25][26][34][35] For example, a non-enzymatic amperometric glucose sensor comprised of LIG functionalized with Cu nanocubes was used to selectively measure glucose over a wide concentration range (25 µM-4 mM), which is physiologically relevant to glucose levels in saliva, tears, and blood. 34 In another report, a LIG electrode was used to monitor electroactive small molecules, including ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 25 Other recent biosensor examples include a LIG aptasensor developed for 5 thrombin 26 and a LIG biosensor for biogenic amines based on a nanocopper-diamine oxidase hybrid material 35 .…”

Disposable Sandwich‐type Electrochemical Sensor for Selective Detection of Glucose Based on Boronate Affinity

“…The disposable POC devices have been in great demand for determination of trace glucose in clinical analysis . At present, the disposable sensors based on screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) have a good development prospect for the clinical diagnosis of diabetes due to some advantages, such as single‐use, low‐cost and easy‐to‐fabricate .…”