Fabrication of yttrium hydride for high-temperature moderator application

Hu, Xunxiang; Schappel, Danny; Silva, Chinthaka M.; Terrani, Kurt A.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152335

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Mueller, et al, showed high-quality, directly-hydrided yttrium metal produced as part of the Air Force Nuclear Propulsion Program [2, p. 13], [29, p. 14]. More recently, Setoyama, et al, Ito, et al, Shivprasad, et al, and Hu, et al have shown the ability to make high-quality yttrium dihydride by the direct hydride method [11], [16], [20], [96].…”

Section: Direct Hydriding Of Yttrium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Moderator Material Handbook

Shivprasad

Cutler

Jewell

et al. 2020

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High hydrogen density moderators such as metal hydrides are an important research topic within the DOE NE Microreactor Research, Development, and Deployment (RD&D) Program due to their ability to retain hydrogen to much higher temperatures than other hydrogenous media. This class of moderators, which includes yttrium dihydride (YH2), thermalizes neutrons in the system such that the overall fuel mass or the required uranium enrichment in the system can be significantly reduced. Knowledge of material properties, both in the as-fabricated and irradiated state, are important to understanding moderator performance during steady-state and transient reactor operation. Provided in this document is the Advanced Moderator Material Handbook, which provides a detailed summary of the literature data on yttrium dihydride, thermomechanical and other property data, and a critical evaluation of that data. This handbook also provides a description of ongoing experiments to understand in-reactor performance, such as irradiations in ATR, as well as nuclear data from an integral critical experiment at NCERC. The majority of this report focuses on measured values but also includes some modeling results for comparison where applicable.

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Section: Direct Hydriding Of Yttrium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the material is cooled on the relevant isochore. The full details of the hydriding procedure may be found in [96].…”

Section: Direct Hydriding Of Yttrium Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Moderator Material Handbook

Shivprasad

Cutler

Jewell

et al. 2020

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“…Many components of the AMM, such as hydride core [25,34] and CMC [35,36], have been extensively studied by multiple programs sponsored by both the federal and private sectors. Their manufacturability and non-nuclear and nuclear performance have been examined.…”

Section: Status Of the Technology Demonstrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Moderation Module for High-Temperature Micro-Reactor Applications

Miao

Stauff

Bhattacharya

et al. 2020

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Development and deployment of micro-reactors that provide competitive efficiency, prevailing compactness, and inherent safety is an immediate focus of the U.S. nuclear industry. For thermal neutron micro-reactors operating at elevated temperature for optimized efficiency, such as micro molten-salt reactors (MSRs), heat-pipe reactors, and very-high temperature reactors (VHTRs), highperformance moderator based on metal hydride can enhance the neutron economy and therefore achieve reduced weight and enhanced portability. As unclad metal hydride inevitably decomposes at elevated temperature, an enclosure is required for hydride moderator to deliver desired performance at elevated temperatures. Conventional moderator enclosure solutions based on high-temperature alloys introduce extraneous neutron penalty into the micro-reactor, affecting the neutronic benefits provided by the hydride moderator. Additionally, the compatibility between the high-temperature alloy enclosure and the micro-reactor matrix is also a potential issue.

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“…Final hydrogen gas pressure was determined based on the desired H/Y atomic ratios of the hydrides. More details regarding the fabrication of the yttrium hydride are available in Schappel, Silva, and Terrani [12]. The hydrogen stoichiometry of the synthesized specimens was determined by using the weight change method.…”

Section: Yttrium Hydride Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the high-temperature ARCS measurement (up to 1,200 K), a thin-wall low boron quartz tube (0.46 mm wall thickness and 9.07 mm inside diameter) was used to contain the 0.11 mm yttrium hydride foil. The 0.1 mm metallic yttrium foil was first loaded in the quartz tube, and then the assembly was placed in the retort of the TCR bulk metal hydriding system for hydrogen loading [12]. The quartz tubes were sealed after the successful fabrication of yttrium hydride.…”

Section: Yttrium Hydride Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Neutron Scattering Evaluation of Yttrium Hydride (FY2020 Progress)

Chapman

Ramić

et al. 2020

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This paper details the thermal neutron scattering measurements of yttrium hydride for various hydrogen concentrations and temperatures that were conducted at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Measurements at a temperature range of 5 to 1,200 K were conducted to determine the change in inelastic scattering as a function of temperature and to probe for any anharmonic effects known to exist in other metallic hydrides. Additionally, hydrogen concentrations of YH x that range from x = 1.62 to 1.90 were measured to determine the effects of varying hydrogen concentration on the inelastic neutron spectra. Changes in temperature affected the inelastic spectra in unanticipated ways, indicating that there are anharmonic effects, whereas hydrogen concentration does not significantly affect the inelastic spectra. These measurements were compared against the ENDF/B-VIII.0 thermal scattering files of hydrogen in YH 2 and yttrium in YH 2 , as well as a new thermal scattering file created by using the stochastic temperature-dependent effective potential (s-TDEP). Both libraries were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, the s-TDEP method is better at predicting the experimentally observed softening of phonon modes in acoustic and optical regions.

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Fabrication of yttrium hydride for high-temperature moderator application

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Advanced Moderator Material Handbook

Advanced Moderator Material Handbook

Advanced Moderation Module for High-Temperature Micro-Reactor Applications

Thermal Neutron Scattering Evaluation of Yttrium Hydride (FY2020 Progress)

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