Fabrication of SGO/Nafion-based IPMC soft actuators with sea anemone-like Pt electrodes and enhanced actuation performance

Naji, Leila; Safari, Maryam; Moaven, Shiva

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.01.020

Cited by 53 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Compared with the GO spectrum, the presence of two new peaks in the SGO spectrum at binding energies of 167.5 and 400.3 eV was attributed to the S 2p and N 1s components, respectively. This result confirmed the successful introduction of the SO 3 − groups on the surface of GO and suggested that the functionalization of GO was achieved by the chemical reactions of the surface groups of OH functionalities with the amino‐group of sulfanilic acid, rather than via a physical process . In addition, the absence of the peak at 164 eV indicated the complete oxidation of SH to SO 3 − functional groups.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The peak at 3220 cm −1 was broader in the SGO spectrum, due to the superposition of the characteristic absorption peaks of amino (NH) and alcohol hydroxyl (OH) functional groups, and their mutual association of hydrogen bonds. The characteristic absorption peaks of aromatic rings detected at 950 and 1620 cm −1 were more pronounced in SGO spectrum, which was more indicative of the presence of sulfanilic acid groups in SGO . Therefore, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The peaks observed at 1620 and 1050 cm −1 correspond to the CC stretching and CO stretching, respectively. The presence of these characteristic peaks demonstrated the sufficient oxidization of GO . Compared with GO, the peak observed at 1350 is the result of SO stretching vibration of SO 3 H groups on SGO .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The presence of these characteristic peaks demonstrated the sufficient oxidization of GO. 31,42,43 Compared with GO, the peak observed at 1350 is the result of S O stretching vibration of SO 3 H groups on SGO. 35 The peak at 3220 cm −1 was broader in the SGO spectrum, due to the superposition of the characteristic absorption peaks of amino (N-H) and alcohol hydroxyl (O-H) functional groups, and their mutual association of hydrogen bonds.…”

Section: Characterization Of Go and Sgomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of a SGO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA composite proton‐exchange membrane and its enhanced performance in microbial fuel cells

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) has a significant effect on the performance and overall cost of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, a novel composite PEM is fabricated by compositing sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) with the Poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐g‐Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PVDF‐g‐PSSA) copolymer. The performance of MFCs with these newly prepared composite PEMs as separators was evaluated. A Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) combined with membrane‐coated sensor crystals was used to investigate the biofouling mechanism of PEMs in MFCs at a micro‐perspective. RESULTS The successful sulfonation of GO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When the SGO loading was 1.0 wt%, the SGO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA membrane had higher water uptake (32.56%), proton conductivity (0.083 S cm−1) and excellent hydrophilicity (contact angle 70.78°) than that of Nafion 117. QCM‐D results further confirmed its better anti‐fouling property vs that of the PVDF‐g‐PSSA, GO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA, and Nafion 117 membranes. Moreover, the MFC working with the SGO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA membrane exhibited the highest maximum power density and best stability of power production after 3 months of operation. CONCLUSION The SGO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA‐1.0 composite PEM can be used as an alternative material to Nafion in MFCs and is conducive to the long‐term stable operation of MFCs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Characterization Of Go and Sgomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of a SGO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA composite proton‐exchange membrane and its enhanced performance in microbial fuel cells

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…Composite-based IPMC actuator showed higher ionic conductivity compared to neat Nafi on-based IPMC actuator due to the higher IEC and WUP content of composite. [ 21 ] In this work, IEC values of MG-Nafi on and neat Nafi on-based IPMC actuators were similar (about 1.0 meq g −1 ), one may conclude that the higher water uptake did result in higher proton conductivity.…”

Section: Physical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 60%

The Enhancement Effect of Mesoporous Graphene on Actuation of Nafion‐Based IPMC

Lian

et al. 2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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composite (IPMC) actuators had attracted much attention from both scientists and engineers for it was considered as a good candidate for robotic actuators, artificial muscle, and dynamic sensors. IPMC had several outstanding advantages including flexibility, low power consumption, high energy density, and a large displacement under a low voltage. [3,4] Typically, an IPMC composed of an ionexchanging polymer film sandwiched by two electrodes which were frequently made of noble metals. Driven by an electrical field, the IPMC actuator would provide a bend deformation, for the hydrated metal cations inside the film migrated toward the cathode. However, there were two major drawbacks concerning the conventional IPMC actuators. The first was the poor durability under longterm actuation in open air because of the back-diffusion of cationic clusters and evaporation of solvent through cracks in the metallic electrodes. The second was the complicated and time-consuming fabricating of the metallic electrodes, usually including sand blasting, ion absorption, primary and secondary plating, and ion exchange. [5] Therefore, improving the durability of IPMC actuators and simplifying the fabrication of electrodes constituted the main challenges in the field of IPMC actuators.A facile method to fabricate ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators is proposed. A blend of mesoporous graphene (MG) and Nafion is used as the ionic matrix, which is sandwiched by two layers of blend of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Nafion as the electrodes. When subjected to an electrical field of 3 V, the IPMC actuator exhibits a blocking force of 10 gf g −1 for 20 s, and the same behavior can be repeatedly played for hundreds of cycles. MG improves the mechanical properties of Nafion-based IPMC, more importantly, the mesopores in graphene provide additional pathway for the diffusion of cationic clusters and thus enhance the actuation speed. In addition, the surface electrodes of rGO protect the interlamellar liquid from evaporation thus ensure the durability.

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Hierarchical Carbon Nanotube‐Supported Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet toward High‐Strain Ionic Soft Actuator

Shi

Wang

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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Conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been applied in electroactive ionic actuators due to their high surface areas and fast ion migration. However, their actuation performance needs to be promoted in terms of high conversion efficiency and large strain. Here, a soft ionic actuator is assembled by designing a hierarchical Cu‐MOFs‐based active material, which is composed of conductive Cu‐catecholate (Cu‐CAT) nanosheets covalently bridged by carboxylic multiwall carbon nanotubes (Cu‐CAT@MWCNT). Benefited from the large electromechanical deformation and rapid response rate of the Cu‐CAT@MWCNT electrodes, the assembled soft actuator exhibits large displacement of 16.6 mm with high bending strain of 0.52% (AC of ±3 V) and a high energy conversion efficiency (3.02%) with cycling stability over 10 000 cycles (in frequency range of 0.1–10 Hz). In addition, it demonstrates the capacity of gripping objects when assembled on a robot. The Cu‐CAT@MWCNT hybrid material‐based electrode points out a feasible pathway to construct soft actuators with improved performance and broadens their applications.

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Fabrication of SGO/Nafion-based IPMC soft actuators with sea anemone-like Pt electrodes and enhanced actuation performance

Cited by 53 publications

References 44 publications

Fabrication of a SGO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA composite proton‐exchange membrane and its enhanced performance in microbial fuel cells

Fabrication of a SGO/PVDF‐g‐PSSA composite proton‐exchange membrane and its enhanced performance in microbial fuel cells

The Enhancement Effect of Mesoporous Graphene on Actuation of Nafion‐Based IPMC

Hierarchical Carbon Nanotube‐Supported Conductive Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet toward High‐Strain Ionic Soft Actuator

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