We report for the first time the fabrication of the graphene oxide (GO)-Nafion actuators with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrodes. The exfoliated GO was homogeneously dispersed in the Nafion matrix with doping level of 0.5−10 wt %. CNT electrodes on both sides of the membrane were made by dip-coating method; that is, the composites membranes were first emerged into the CNT-Nafion dimethylformamide (DMF) solution and then pulled out to dry. The as-prepared GO-Nafion actuators were tested in terms of conductivity, bulk and surface morphology, tip displacement, and blocked force. The results demonstrated that the electrochemical behavior of the polymer nanocomposite was significantly improved because of the efficient distribution of the high aspect ratio GO sheets, and the blocking force of the nanocomposite actuator with doping level 10 wt % is 4 times that of the virgin nafion, and the displacement is nearly 2 times that of nafion.
A hydrogel exhibits a real‐time depth‐controllable swimming motion via light‐mediated modulation of local density to mimic the volume changes found in the bladders of fish. Moreover, other motions, e.g., rolling, somersaulting, and bipedal‐like walking, can also be realized by designing or combining gel shapes, and the location of light.
In this paper, by using fixed-point theorems, and lower and upper solution method, the existence for a class of fractional initial value problem (FIVP)is the standard RiemannLiouville fractional derivative, 1 < α < 2. Some hidden confusion and fallacy in the literature are commented. A new condition on the nonlinear term is given to guarantee the equivalence between the solution of the FIVP and the fixed-point of the operator. Based on the new condition, some new existence results are obtained and presented as example.MSC 2010 : Primary 34B15; Secondary 34B15, 34A08
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.