Fabrication of Novel Biodegradable α‐Tricalcium Phosphate Cement Set by Chelating Capability of Inositol Phosphate and Its Biocompatibility

Abstract

Biodegradableα-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) cement based on the chelate-setting mechanism of inositol phosphate (IP6) was developed. This paper examined the effect of the milling time ofα-TCP powder on the material properties of the cement. In addition, biocompatibility of the result cementin vitrousing osteoblasts andin vivousing rabbit models will be studied as well. Theα-TCP powders were ballmilled using ZrO2beads in pure water for various durations up to 270 minutes, with a single-phaseα-TCP obtained at ballmilling for 120 minutes. The resulting cement was mostly composed ofα-TCP phase, and the compressive strength of the cement was8.5±1.1 MPa, which suggested that the cements set with keeping the crystallite phase of starting cement powder. The cell-culture test indicated that the resulting cements were biocompatible materials.In vivostudies showed that the newly formed bones increased with milling time at a slight distance from the cement specimens and grew mature at 24 weeks, and the surface of the cement was resorbed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-(TRAP-)positive osteoclast-like cells until 24 weeks of implantation. The presentα-TCP cement is promising for application as a novel paste-like artificial bone with biodegradability and osteoconductivity.

Effect of phytic acid on the setting times and tensile strengths of calcium silicate‐based cements

“…Thus, the null hypothesis has to be partially rejected because the addition of phytic acid significantly affected the setting time. These studies also indicated that the newly developed CPCs are biocompatible and osteoconductive (14,15). The efficacy of phytic acid can also be explained by its high content of negatively charged phosphate groups that strongly bind to metallic cations, such as calcium, within the cements (27).…”

“…Here the setting time of MTA and Biodentine ® significantly decreased when the materials were mixed with 1% phytic acid. Previous studies that utilised phytic acid to develop novel calcium-phosphate cements (CPCs) have confirmed that the setting mechanism is based on the chelative properties of phytic acid (14,15). The highly hydrophilic nature of phytic acid may have contributed to this finding (10) because calcium silicate-based cements set through a hydration reaction that is mediated by their hydrophilic particles (6).…”

Fabrication of chelate‐setting α‐tricalcium phosphate cement using sodium citrate and sodium alginate as mixing solution and its in vivo osteoconductivity

“…Inspired by the first study by Hirabayashi et al, Aizawa et al developed HAp cements hardened by chelating capability of IP6. Our previous study demonstrated that α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) cement hardened by chelating capability of IP6 showed favorable biocompatibility in vitro using an osteoblast cell model, and osteoconductivity and bioresorbability in vivo using a rabbit model . However, the low handling property of α‐TCP cement made it impossible for clinical use.…”

“…The aim of the present study is to develop a paste‐like α‐TCP cement with sufficient handling property using sodium alginate and sodium citrate additives as the mixing solution. Single phase α‐TCP powder for fabrication of the cement will be obtained by ball‐milling of α‐TCP for 120 min, according to our previous study . First, the effects of IP6 concentration for surface modification of α‐TCP powder on the material properties will be examined.…”

Antibacterial polyetheretherketone implants immobilized with silver ions based on chelate-bonding ability of inositol phosphate: Processing, material characterization, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties

“…One of the present authors and his coworkers successfully developed a novel calcium phosphate cement (CPC) using inositol hexaphosphate [C 6 H 6 (OPO 3 H 2 ) 6 ; IP6] as a chelating agent . IP6 is present in grains of wheat, rice, and soybean; thus, it has a strong chelating capacity for Ca 2+ ions, similarly to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).…”