Fabrication of Graphene Nanomesh and Improved Chemical Enhancement for Raman Spectroscopy

Liu, Jinyang; Cai, Haiwen; Yu, Xinxin; Zhang, Kun; Li, Xinjing; Lǐ, Jùnwén; Pan, Nan; Shi, Qinwei; Luo, Yi; Wang, Xiaoping

doi:10.1021/jp303265d

Cited by 74 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The high ratio of I D /I G (1.26) clearly indicates the presence of structure defects. 12 The nitrogen adsorption isotherm measured on MNG (Fig. 1d) is type-IV with a distinct hysteresis loop and the pore size distribution curve is centred at ~9 nm (inset in Fig.…”

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confidence: 97%

Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn₃O₄nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2013

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confidence: 97%

Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn₃O₄nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2013

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“…As shown in Figure 5b, a graphene nanomesh 39 shows remarkable Raman enhancement, with the edges acting as moleculetrapping sites, where the GERS effect can be tuned by changing the size, density, and the edge length of the nanomesh.…”

Section: Raman Enhancement Effect On the Graphene Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lighting Up the Raman Signal of Molecules in the Vicinity of Graphene Related Materials

et al. 2015

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Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a popular technique to detect the molecules with high selectivity and sensitivity. It has been developed for 40 years, and many reviews have been published to summarize the progress in SERS. Nevertheless, how to make the SERS signals repeatable and quantitative and how to have deeper understanding of the chemical enhancement mechanism are two big challenges. A strategy to target these issues is to develop a Raman enhancement substrate that is flat and nonmetal to replace the conventional rough and metal SERS substrate. At the same time, the newly developed substrate should have a strong interaction with the adsorbate molecules to guarantee strong chemical enhancement. The flatness of the surface allows better control of the molecular distribution and configuration, while the nonmetal surface avoids disturbance of the electromagnetic mechanism. Recently, graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials, which have an ideal flat surface and strong chemical interaction with plenty of organic molecules, were developed to be used as Raman enhancement substrates, which can light up the Raman signals of the molecules, and these substrates were demonstrated to be a promising for microspecies or trace species detection. This effect was named "graphene enhanced Raman scattering (GERS)". The GERS technique offers significant advantages for studying molecular vibrations due to the ultraflat and chemically inert 2D surfaces, which are newly available, especially in developing a quantitative and repeatable signal enhancement technique, complementary to SERS. Moreover, GERS is a chemical mechanism dominated effect, which offers a valuable model to study the details of the chemical mechanism. In this Account, we summarize the systematic studies exploring the character of GERS. In addition, as a practical technique, the combination of GERS with a metal substrate incorporates the advantages from both conventional SERS and GERS. The introduction of graphene to the Raman enhancement substrate extended SERS applications in a more controllable and quantitative way. Looking to the future, we expect the combination of the SERS concept with the GERS technology to lead to the solution of some important issues in chemical dynamics and in biological processes monitoring.

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“…[46,47], oxygen plasma [25], photocatalysts [48], MnO 2 etching [49], metal nanoparticles assisted catalysis [50,51], and so on. Though various methods have been proposed to synthesize NPGs efficiently, it is still a challenge to find out the pathways for low-cast, high throughput production of NPGs with critical dimensions down to subnanometer and are compatible with wafer-scale applications.…”

Section: Top-down Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and potential applications of nanoporous graphene: A review

Wu¹,

Mu²,

Zhao³

2018

Proc. Nat. Res. Soc.

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Nanoporous structures exhibit great application potential in the biosensing, energy storage and other nanoelectronics. As a newly discovered 2D material with extraordinary properties, graphene presents the ability to hold a nanoporous structure which could overcome the inherent shortages for most of the existing nanoporous materials. While how to efficiently synthesize the nanoporous structures in graphene and how to further expand the applications of nanoporous graphene (NPG) are still big challenges. In this paper, we reviewed the recent advancements related to the synthesis and potential applications of NPGs. By analyzing the different approaches to fabricate the NPGs, and the research trends for the application realization of NPG, we aim at stimulating further research on this subject. N anopore originally refers to a vital biological feature which is generally existed in cellular membranes for recognition and transport of ions and molecules between compartments within the cell and between the cell interior and outside environment [1]. After being successfully created in biological and solid-state materials, nanoporous structures have the potentials to be used in biosensing [2][3][4], diagnostics [5,6], separation [7][8][9][10] and so on. In general, the nanopore is broadly divided into two categories: biological nanopore and solid-state nanopore. Though it was proved that most of the reported biological and solid-state nanoporous structures can offer the alternative approaches for many applications, they are still limited by some inherent shortages. For example, the biological nanopores have short life time, intrinsic instability and strict requirement, which are not favored for longterm operations. The solid-state nanopores usually have robust chemical and thermal characteristics, while it is hard for them to discriminate molecules with similar sizes but different biological characteristics [11]. What's more, the thickness of these nanopores is usually far larger than the length of nucleotide, which makes them hard to read single nucleotide information from a long chain of DNA. The sensitivity of the nanopore technology used in biosensing also needs to be further improved. Graphene, as a newly discovered material made up of single layer carbon atoms, holds a subnanometer thickness as 0.34 nm, which is comparable to the spatial interval between neighboring DNA nucleotide. So a nanoporous structure created in graphene could offer the possibility of gene sequencing at a single-base resolution. Besides, graphene was demonstrated to exhibit amazing mechanical [12][13][14], electrical properties [15][16][17], and the nanoporous graphene (NPG) could inherit most of the unique properties and even further improve them, which could promise NPG to be outstanding among the nanoporous materials for many applications. For example, the nanomesh structure created in graphene sheet could open its zero bandgap, which can be used to synthesize field effect transistors (FETs). The NPG-based FETs are able to provide saturated ...

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Fabrication of Graphene Nanomesh and Improved Chemical Enhancement for Raman Spectroscopy

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn₃O₄nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn₃O₄nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Lighting Up the Raman Signal of Molecules in the Vicinity of Graphene Related Materials

Synthesis and potential applications of nanoporous graphene: A review

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Fabrication of Graphene Nanomesh and Improved Chemical Enhancement for Raman Spectroscopy

Cited by 74 publications

References 50 publications

Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn3O4nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn3O4nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Lighting Up the Raman Signal of Molecules in the Vicinity of Graphene Related Materials

Synthesis and potential applications of nanoporous graphene: A review

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Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn₃O₄nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Mesoporous hybrid material composed of Mn₃O₄nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction