Fabrication of drug eluting implants: study of drug release mechanism from titanium dioxide nanotubes

Surface Treatments and Functional Coatings for Biocompatibility Improvement and Bacterial Adhesion Reduction in Dental Implantology

“…Titania nanotubes engineered by electrochemical anodization process have been proposed to develop drug-releasing implants in orthopedics and dentistry [83][84][85] owing to their biocompatibility (for a complete review, please refer to [83]). As the prolongation of drug release from these nano-reservoirs is still a challenge, the relation between nanotube dimensions (diameter, length, aspect ratio and volume) and drug release rate was investigated finding that systems with higher aspect ratios released drug slower [84].…”

“…As the prolongation of drug release from these nano-reservoirs is still a challenge, the relation between nanotube dimensions (diameter, length, aspect ratio and volume) and drug release rate was investigated finding that systems with higher aspect ratios released drug slower [84]. Titanium nanotubes could become a feasible technology for real-life clinical applications.…”

Recent advances on smart TiO₂ nanotube platforms for sustainable drug delivery applications

“…In addition, Hamlekhan et al studied that anodization condition (voltage and duration) influences the release profiles of TNT groups based on the dimensions of TNTs influenced by anodization conditions. 59 As demonstrated by various studies, length and diameter of TNTs are increased with the increasing anodization voltage. Moreover, the amount of drug loaded in TNTs increases as the anodization duration is increased based on comparing the profiles with the TNT dimensions specified in all TNT groups, as presented in Figure 3.…”

“…57,58 To investigate the influence of pore size on the drug release profiles, studies from several groups confirmed that the drug release is considerably related to the dimensions of TNTs. [59][60][61][62] Aw et al studied the relationship between the length of the TNTs and anodization time, and their results demonstrated that length of TNTs is controlled by anodization time and that the drug release time was extended with an increase in the nanotube length based on drug loaded in TNT implants of different nanotube lengths (25-100 μm) and a fixed pore diameter of 110 nm. 2 The drug release from TNTs can be extended by shrinking their lengths and diameters, which results from the fact that drug molecules encapsulated deeper inside TNTs needed a longer time to diffuse out of nanotubes because of the capillary force.…”

TiO₂ nanotube platforms for smart drug delivery: a review

“…[5][6][7][8][9] Owing to their unique properties, much research interest has been focused on the electrochemical preparation of nanopores or nanotube materials from transition metal oxides. [10][11][12][13][14][15] In particular, titania nanotubes (TNTs) and nanoporous anodic alumina are the most significant examples.…”