In the last decade, few-layer boron nitride nanosheets and monolayer BN nanosheet (BNNS) have gained much attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties. To date, BNNS can be produced by micromechanical cleavage of BN crystal, unzipping BN nanotubes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and solution processed exfoliation from bulk BN powder. Due to the low cost and abundance of bulk BN powder and its simple processing for potentially scalable production, great efforts have been devoted toward solution processed exfoliation. In this feature article, recent significant advances in solution processed synthesis of BNNS are summarized. In particular, the solvent choice for one-step BN exfoliation is highlighted. Multi-dimensional assemblies consisting of BNNS are discussed, such as BN fiber, BN paper, and BN aerogel. The emerging applications of BNNS in different fields are then focused on, especially in barrier materials, dielectrics, catalysts, and thermal management.For a long time, BN has been utilized in lubricants, cosmetics, paints, cements and high-temperature equipment due to its unique properties, including high thermal conductivity and great chemical stability. [4] With the discovery of monolayer graphite (graphene) and its extraordinary physical properties, [5] the past decade has witnessed a large growth of research interest in few layer or monolayer 2D layered materials, [6] such as MoS 2 , [7] Bi 2 Se 3 , [8] and black phosphorous. [9] Due to their wider energy band gaps and electrically insulating properties compared to graphene, few layer and monolayer BNNS have stimulated great research interest, [10] allowing a much wider range of applications than their bulk counterparts. For example, BNNS can be an appealing substrate for graphene devices due to the similar lattice constant and atomically smooth surface, where graphene exhibi ted a very high mobility [10c] and a rotation-dependent moiré pattern. [11] To date, strategies for synthesizing BNNS can be generally classified into two methods: bottom-up and top-down methods. In the bottom-up strategy, BNNS are fabricated from atoms, ions, or molecules, where the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is usually adopted. In this area, a significant progress for the technology was made by Kong's group, who has developed a relatively mature recipe for synthesizing BNNS via CVD. [10a] On the other hand, top-town methods for synthesizing BNNS typically involve the micromechanical cleavage of bulk BN crystals [12] or unzipping of BNNT. [13] Although these methods produce relatively high quality BNNS, the low yield and high cost have significantly limited their scalability. In contrast, BNNS made from bulk BN powder by solution processed exfoliation exhibit three important advantages. [14] (i) As raw material, bulk BN powder is abundant and cost-effective. (ii) A relatively high yield can be obtained due to its simple process. (iii) Functional groups on BNNS by solution processes facilitate the use of BNNS in various fields. All these advant...